Full Metal Jacket

Meaning and purpose can be defined depending on the reader and the author that is defining it. The meaning and purpose of any form of literature is the main point of the piece of work, why it was created and what the author wants the reader to understand or get from his or her work. As for the movie Full Metal Jacket, the director, Stanley Kubrick, wanted to have a combination of comedy as well as a sense of realization when it comes to a soldier becoming a marine and what it takes to be one.The characters throughout the movie each show a different way of nderstanding and dealing with the problems that they had to quickly overcome. Full Metal Jacket is a movie that shows the different roles and stages of the marines that were stationed in the Vietnam War. The first half of the movie had an entertaining way of showing the audience how they were trained and how they learned that they were indeed â€Å"born to kill†. The main purpose of the first part of the movie was to show the audience what the soldiers had to go through first in order to make it as a marine.It had to be a hard as well as somewhat brutal and life-changing experience n order for them to be ready to become the killing machines that they were forced to be. The changes that the characters have shown make the second half of the movie very different in terms of their attitudes, what each soldier viewed as right and wrong, as well as the events that take place throughout the movie. This part of Full Metal Jacket was geared more towards the actual Vietnam War and revealed the reasons as to why they had to become heartless in a way during their training.Throughout the course of the war, some of the soldiers slowly but surely slipped out f their sanity and become cold-hearted killers in order to survive themselves. Each marine in Full Metal Jacket had to be able to prove that they were worthy enough to take on certain obstacles in the first half of the movie, such as emotional and mental hazing. S tanley Kubrick made sure to incorporate as much of the hazing as possible within the first half of the movie in order to show the audience how much work each soldier had to put into the beginning of their Journey into becoming a marine.If they could not take control of the rate of hazing they received it would be seen as a eakness, therefore proving that they are not ready for the war. For example, Pyle who was a soldier that as overweight clumsy and slow-witted, could not take the stress and harassment that came with the training of becoming a marine and he could not endure the embarrassment that was thrown at him every time he did something wrong, which in turn made him decide to commit suicide as well as murder Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, the drill instructor who trains the recruits in order to turn them into marines.Gunnery Sergeant Hartman seemed to have caused ll of the anger and frustration that Pyle had to go through, therefore Pyle's actions proved to the audience and to the marines that were involved, that not everyone can make it as a marine and may end up losing their sanity over it. The whole point of allowing the audience to view this is to reinforce the level of maturity that would be required to fully understand the troubles that comes with being a marine.The first half of Full Metal Jacket mainly focuses on how much a person can take while preparing for war, being in war, and knowing how to act and react to certain issues and perceived throughout the movie. In The Green Berets, Sargent Peterson, a Special Forces sergeant, quickly realized that he needed to make sure that Hamchunk, a homeless Vietnamese child, was safe and well accounted for when their base was being attacked. This quick form of action shows the audience that he was well trained and knew exactly what to do and when to do it.Full Metal Jacket revealed other ways of bringing out a characters sense of maturity and therefore had a different aspect compared to that scene, and basicall y the entire movie of The Green Berets. Full Metal Jacket was meant to make the audience completely understand hy the soldiers had to go through training the way that they did. It all comes together once the audience sees firsthand what can happen when a soldier loses his focus or is not fully prepared for what may happen next.The series of events that happens during the second half of the movie could make or break anyone who may not be tough enough to endure all of the negativity. Full Metal Jacket is supposed to be an eye opener and should cause a sense of realization for the audience. In the scene where Doc Jay and Eight Ball, two very brave marines, were being attacked by a niper, Animal Mother, a tough marine, did everything he could think of doing in order to try and save his dying friends, even though he knew that there was no chance of their survival.Regardless, Animal Mother went out alone, against his direct orders, to try and find the sniper and kill her in retaliation. G ranted, he could not do it alone, he called the rest of the soldiers to try and track her down. Once they found her, they shot her, made her suffer in pain for a little bit and then killed her. In a normal world, doing these actions would seem horrific and Just not right, but due to heir previous training and sudden attack from this woman, the soldiers were forced to murder this woman and left her there.This type of action or retaliation enforces the moral or immorality that ties in within the movie. Murdering the sniper, especially her being a woman, opens up a more intriguing way of the audience socially analyzing the situation. Making the audience decide whether or not murdering her and allowing her to suffer was acceptable or hard to accept due to her being a woman. As for the soldiers, this decision was made easily and as the sniper as laying down suffering, the audience could easily see the reactions that each marine made, showing their different views on their daily lives.Eac h soldier had their own morals and values compared to other soldiers. Obviously, each soldier has his own personality which brings a different outlook on what it is that they have to do, and how they are supposed to do it. Each soldier must fulfill their mission, and do what they are instructed to do. In Full Metal Jacket, the soldiers seemed to have similar values, and seem to have been brought up or trained almost identically. Due o the first half of the movie where they had been trained to know and love their rifles and to be ready to shoot and kill whatever was not considered one of them..Every soldier knew what they had to do and they were all comfortable when it came to killing the enemy and possibly sacrificing themselves in the process. Unlike Full Metal Jacket, in the movie Platoon, Sometimes the soldiers take their main source of responsibility and manipulate it. For instance, some of the soldiers took a young girl from the village that they took over and tried to rape her in order to satisfy their ersonal needs, until Chris, the main character as well as the marine who decided to human being and should not be raped Just because of her unfortunate circumstances.This scene showed the audience how some soldiers will have the wrong mentality due to their current hectic lifestyles, while other soldiers know and remember their rights and wrongs from â€Å"back home† when it comes to doing things that they can personally control. Full Metal Jacket seemed to have been made for the audience to view and understand the troubles and obstacles that each soldier has to o through beginning from his training all the way through his actual fght in the war.The audience is supposed to learn and begin to understand how the soldiers are supposed to be trained in order for them to make it during the war, or in order to know what to do to help whoever is directly associated with the war. Stanley Kubrick wanted to open up the eyes of the â€Å"outside world† and allow people to realize what each marine has to go through and their purpose for becoming a marine. They are not always out and about trying to rape and murder every woman they encounter as well as taking over everything that they see. There is a process that each soldier must go through in order to make it where they need to be.Full Metal Jacket compared to Platoon and The Green Berets makes the audience see both sides of a soldiers' life whereas the other two movies only show the second half of the soldiers' life when he is already trained and in the battle field. The other two movies don't show how the soldiers came up to where they are now, it reveals only what they have already accomplished within themselves, and they already have their own views on life depending on the amount of negative series of events that they have encountered. Full Metal Jacket has more than one meaning, and more than one purpose.Stanley Kubrick wanted to make sure that the audience was able to inter pret and take back with them the struggles and the achievements of a marine. What it takes to become one and what it takes to remain one at all times during the hardships of being in a war. Due to that, the movie seemed as if it should have been two separate movies, which makes it unique, compared to The Green Berets and Platoon where each movie was based solely on the war. Although, all three movies showed the different kinds of ttitudes that evolved into a marine as they each evolved or became a different person whilst being a part of the war.Some characters showed emotion while some didn't show any emotion at all, displaying the different levels of maturity that each marine must have. Displaying the different emotions was meant to allow the audience to see the war in different aspects based on certain marines in the movies. Full Metal Jacket allowed the audience to watch the marines as they evolved from viewing things in different ways. Regardless, the movie was supposed to be a sense of realization and knowledge.

My Mindful Eating Experience Essay

The mindful experience of eating involves multiple processes. Every process has to take a certain amount of time and be savored just long enough to be defined as mindful. Physically, the food has to be eaten slowly, eaten in small pieces, chewed several times, and swallowed gradually. Mentally, each bite of food has to be filled with enjoyment, focused on with all attention without any judgement, and it is very important during mindful eating to know what exactly is being put in your mouth and where it came from. It is extremely important to mentally accept the beauty of the food and to appreciate it. Emotionally, you have to engage in all your senses: sight, sound, taste, texture, and smell. Engaging all your senses is the most important principle of mindful eating! Let me take you through the process of mindful eating by explaining to you my mindful experience on eating a MilkyWay bar. This process, when done right, takes about 10 to 15 minutes. First, I unwrap the chocolate and focus all my attention to the creamy milk chocolate bar. As I look at the chocolate it looks delicious, intriguing, and I speculate about whats inside. Next, I take a small bite and experience the first taste. It tastes smooth yet hard and as I experience this first bite I push the chocolate up to the roof of my mouth. Feeling the chocolate being pushed up against the roof of my mouth, I can feel it break apart exposing the warm creamy caramel filling. As it begins to melt, my body craves for more and I can start to smell the sweet aroma of chocolate. When swallowing the chocolate I take in the texture of it slowly going down my throat. It feels soft and gentle as it begins to disappear into my stomach. This leaves me craving for more causing me to take a second bite! This process repeats itself with the next bite of chocolate, the feeling of creamy caramel being pushed up to the roof of my mouth, the swirling of my tongue mixing the chocolate and the caramel together making two components become one, and lastly feeling the sensation of the chocolate being pushed back to my throat where it disappears leaving only the strong smell and the craving for more! This long yet joyful, stress relieving experience is defined as the mindful experience of eating and should be rewarded to everybody!

Making Ethical Decisions in Healthcare Organizations Research Paper

Making Ethical Decisions in Healthcare Organizations - Research Paper Example A good healthcare professional never wavers in his approach and makes the right decision quickly. This differentiates him from the rest or other healthcare professional. Not only making the right decision is important but also the timing of the decision is critical. It is hardly the case that a healthcare professional has ample at his disposal. Hence, healthcare professionals usually have to make right decisions keeping in might the ethical aspect as well as the rules setup by the management of the healthcare organization. One important theory that explains how healthcare professional should act is Utilitarianism. This theory is an important theory in resolving different ethical problems and dilemmas. This theory states that all healthcare professionals should choose the action that benefits the society more. An action should only be undertaken if it provides greater good to the society. There should be more benefits accruing to the society as a result of this action than the costs o f undertaking such action. For example, suppose a criminal comes to a healthcare organization and is about to die and officials in that organization has very little time to decide whether to inform the police or to heal the patient. ... Now according to the utilitarianism theory it is better for the healthcare professionals to report the criminal to the police. This would ensure that the lives of thousands of people living in a far flung rural area will be saved at the expense of the criminal in the society who is likely to spread more evil in the society if he is saved. Hence, Utilitarianism clearly marks out the correct option in this situation, that is to inform the polices and possibly save the lives of thousands of people in a village who would get more budgets from the government as it will not have spend thousands of dollars to capture the criminal. The feminist theories have been raised to prominence in 21st century. Many ethics experts these days are paying more important to feminist theories as a critical part of making right ethical decisions. These theories call for showing greater concern for women and their issues. In the past, men used to get upper hand on all issues and women issues were not dealt wi th great concern. However in the recent times the pendulum has shifted and women are getting much needed support for their issues and rights. According to these theories, the decision made must show concern for women. For example, in recruitment and selection many organizations are now bound to have a quota for women and should show them as equal opportunity employers. Many healthcare organizations are now hiring women for the important jobs and they are given special decision making powers to run these organizations on their consent. This has helped organization to grow and women have become an important cog in the growth machinery of organizations around the world. There are also special laws passed in order

Project management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Project management - Coursework Example An estimate of the project baseline includes a construction of about 29 miles of the express lanes. The construction cost of the project estimated to approximately $950 million, comprising of the labor and material costs. The project is to help in moving more people with fewer cars, thereby giving more transportation choices that assist in saving time, money, and improves on the environment. In accord, the project anticipated to support approximately 8,000 jobs during the construction period and in return, stimulate to about $2 billion in the state economy. The project baseline estimated to extend the nine miles of the existing lanes that alleviate one of the region’s worst traffic backups. The expansion of the lanes also comprises of the addition and an expansion of the commuter parking lot (Haynes & LearnKey, 2010). The cost baseline of the project in building the 495 express lanes downsized as follows. The project estimated and budgeted for a cost of $950 million, where 95 Express provides $860 million in funding (Project, 2014). The amount comprises of the anticipated TIFIA loan that is $310 million that is expected to be available in October 2015. The VDOT will provide an amount of $ 75 million in public funds, being a lower value than an original estimate of about $90, as a result to the lower than expected costs at the closing. The tolls projected to be collected electronically by the use of the E-ZPass therefore eliminating the need of the tollbooths. The period of the project execution estimated to about two years, having a direct impact on the approximated cost of the task. Ensuring a good communication in a project might be a challenging task, especially to the project manager. Communication not only enables everyone to keep up-to-date on the project progress, it also facilitates the buy-in and the ownership of the major project milestones and decisions. Therefore, a project manager has to ensure the

CBI cost method Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CBI cost method - Research Paper Example On the other hand, activity-based costing apportions the costs incurred during manufacturing of a particular product or service based on the activities required during their production. It is crucial for managers to comprehend the merits and demerits of the two systems to satisfy the needs of their business operations. The budget presented entails schedules that raise various concerns leading to the recommendation that the company should switch to the activity-based costing system of accounting. The first concern is the quarterly budget that in my opinion requires further subdivision to generate quarters. Mainly, cycling takes place in temperate weather conditions. Buying materials for bicycle production for the start of sales hikes demand therefore, requires the producer to incur a quarter before the demand. Another concern regards accounts that remain uncollectable. The master budget for the company is not specific it its cash budget line. It closely refers to the uncollectable receivables. Variable factors in this context emanate from economic features among them limited sponsorship and carry the capacity to result in wrong accounts. From the budget, the company is setting aside a budget for 140 bikes inclusive of labour costs. It is appropriate to cut down on the level of production of extra p arts in the inventory. The method of distributing manufacturing overhead by activity-based costing (ABC) to products is efficient compared to the traditional method of costing. Precisely, activity-based costing assigns the right percentage of resources to particular products. While monitoring and allocating organizational costs to products and objects, activity-based costing remains a more sophisticated and logical method as opposed to the traditional costing system. It is possible to distribute overhead costs based on machine-hours as the only criteria in the traditional system of

Statistics EXAM Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Statistics EXAM - Speech or Presentation Example To test if a trend exists relating the GPA and the mother’s age at the birth of the child, regression analysis may be used. A simple linear regression is used in this particular calculation. The following table is set up from the raw data. It should be noted that the independent variable is the age at birth while the dependent is the GPA. Since 0.632, H0 cannot be rejected. There is insufficient evidence to support that a relationship exists between the mother’s age at the time of the child’s birth and the corresponding intelligence (as measured by GPA). The number of samples is determined based on the target error and confidence. Since no estimate of the proportion is given, a conservative value of 0.5 is to be used. The resulting calculations are shown as follows: Evaluating the scores of standardized examinations revolve largely around the normal distribution. From this particular problem, the SASS scores differ from the raw scores provided. In order to normalize the values the raw scores must be converted into z-scores and applied to the mean and standard deviation of the SASS. The equivalent z-scores for 151, 140, and 136 are computed below: Interpreting these scores as percentiles show that Robert, Ann and Carlos have percentiles at 90.32%, 77.34%, and 70.88% respectively. To normalize into the SASS standard scores, the z-scores are used with the mean and standard deviation standards. This is shown as follows: Assuming that no correlation exists between the high school GPA and the SASS score, the percentage of the applicants that are denied admission can be determined from the z-score equivalent of 60 on the SASS: From the z-score table, this corresponds to a cumulative probability of 0.7486 from the left. This means that 74.86% of the applicants have a SASS score below 60 and cannot be admitted into the university. This story is very much

Do Institutions matter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Do Institutions matter - Essay Example The basic explanations that have been provided by economists to illustrate on how institution spurs economic growth haven’t been satisfactorily. Furthermore, the theories provided for which are made to guide on the two principles does not provide for full understanding of the variables and thus have lapses. Neither are the statistical tools for analysis in the case of time series are enough to show direct correlation between the two. Thus, this provides for inspiration or stimuli (Rodrà ­guez, 2013) for the article to provide for a broader way to view the two issues and be flexible in analysis. Institutions does not necessary lead to economic development but the latter can always be achieved in other ways. Development to a country can be stimulated through creation of wealth that expands various sectors in the economy. By doing so, we provide for expansionary measures that make the institutions better and increase growth. We do not need more mature institutions for development to occur. Such is the case in more developed nations who developed earlier without any key institutions. Even if institutions spur growth, then it cannot apply to all countries. For example, nations can always import ideas such as technology or train labor to help growth within them. Methods such as protection of properties majorly employed by the capitalists to make institutions grow are very good and can always be beneficial to nations. But the virtue will only lead to strong institutions to unique ones in the economy more so in countries where there is less government controls. The article uses questionnaires to collect data. It presents issues in form of queries that are answered by analyzing various world institutions and economic policies to generate data. This is further enhanced, by use of samples to explain on how diverse countries developed and what made their institutions stronger (Rodrà ­guez, 2013). To validate the data, it

Aspects of Cultural and Racial Differences Annotated Bibliography

Aspects of Cultural and Racial Differences - Annotated Bibliography Example The paper "Aspects of Cultural and Racial Differences" talks about the realism as a unique approach in addressing the characters in Jean Rhy’s wide Sargasso Sea. The aspects of cultural and racial differences as displayed in the main book are discussed in this paper. â€Å"Empty spaces† is a term used to show the themes of racial prejudice.Winterhalter is credited for having intelligent views on many topics that touch on gender aspects in the society. In this article, she provides an analysis of the stylistic devices that Jean Rhy uses in her novel. Unlike many of the articles that concentrate on themes and characters in their analysis, she presents her thought from a third-party point of view. This creates an alternative view of the book and readers can develop an independent analysis of the books in question. Her technique of narration and explanation of major themes as viewed by independent thinkers is admirable. Among her articles that discuss these themes, this is the best explained and objective according to many pundits.By choosing this article as a reference point of Wide Sargasso Sea essay, one can borrow a lot of aspects from the writer's view. It is qualified because it demonstrates the essence of discussing various social issues such as racism and gender prejudice. She succeeds in narrating various strong points which form the basis of the novel. The article too can be criticized because of its strong views which at some point, discredit and portrays the weakness of the novel.

[Art subject] Olympic Sculpture Park Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

[Art subject] Olympic Sculpture Park - Essay Example Two sheets of identical weathering steel make the curvy objects that are called Ws or Wiggles. In order to fully appreciate the transcendent beauty of the work, one needs to walk the spaces between the Ws. The space between the two enclosing objects will constantly morph to give a unique experience to the walker. I much enjoyed this novel idea of travel through space. Love & Loss is intended public utility. It is an aesthetically designed public sitting space. The seats and benches are crafted to the shapes of letters forming Love & Loss. Sitting there and simply gazing at the surrounding scenery is a relaxing experience that I quite enjoyed. This work of art was made by Roy McMakin and installed in OSP in 2004. Concrete, paint and enamel are the basic building material. The constant wear and tear of this construction has led to several refurbishing, which have taken the sheen off its original beauty. The Father and Son statue work installed in the midst of a water fountain is poetry and philosophy wrung into sculpture. This masterpiece by Louise Bourgeois is made of a conglomeration of metals steel, aluminum and bronze. The water fountain is conceptually the key, as it reveals and hides the statues of the father and the son to various degrees dynamically. Working to a pre-programmed schedule, the two fountains installed beneath the statues will rise and fall showing either the father or the son at a time. It attempts to symbolically show the innate difficulty in a father-son relationship, where strong bonds are seldom seen. Perhaps the Oedipal impulse in the boy-child never lets him connect strongly with the father. The outstretched arms of the two statues is a moment frozen for eternity and shall never consummate the underlying intent, namely to reach and hold the other figure. This work made me think a lot and I took pleasure in the intellectual stimulation it offered via the dynamic visual

China Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

China - Assignment Example The emperor created an intricate bureaucracy which they used to wage imperial wars, perform public works projects and to build large temples. During the Imperial era, the states were centralized though local officials maintained limited autonomy. Artisans and self-sufficient peasant farmers ruled the economy during this period. Business was relatively frequent and it increased after the Han Dynasty after Silk Road was developed. During this period, there was an emergence of large-scale businesses and advancements in technology. Developments in technology were marked by the invention of paper, wheelbarrows and the seismograph. The Late Imperial era brought an economic revolution in China. With technological advancements, there was a rise in large-scale enterprises, waged labour and use of paper money. Trade in the overseas flourished during the Ming Dynasty. Liberalisation of capital, investment and commerce took place as technology continued to advance. At the same time, there was privatisation of government manufacturing industries. There was also emergence of urban and rural markets, whereby there was production that was geared towards consumption. The emergence of these markets was a key development during this era (Hampton & Moss, 2004, p. 37-42). Power distance refers to the extent to which people who have less powers in an organization will expect and accept power to be distributed in a different way. China is ranked 80 on power distance which is very high. This rank means that there is a big power distance between the subordinates and the management. However, that is acceptable and considered normal. Individualism is where people think with a mentality of â€Å"I† or â€Å"We†. For the American culture for example, it is mostly â€Å"I† focused. It therefore means that the Americans focus more on furthering themselves and their careers versus furthering their departments or groups. China is ranked at 91 on individualism. It therefore means

Government Intervention Essay Example for Free

Government Intervention Essay Discuss the case for and against government intervention in an economy. In most of the countries, the government has intervened in the market system. To some extent there is a dire need of government intervention in the market system, although there is a debate over this point among the economists. Many economists believe that the role of government intervention improves the market system. The government can easily enforce the rules that can help in the smooth functioning of the market system. On the other hand, there are economists who believe that government interventions in a market system are the reason of inefficiency in the system. There are some goods that underprovided and underconsumed. Such goods are cold merit goods. They can be defined in terms of their externality effects and also in terms of informational problems facing the consumer. A merit good is a product that society values and judges that everyone should have regardless of whether an individual wants them. In this sense, the government is acting paternally in providing merit goods and services. They believe that individuals may not act in their own best interest in part because of imperfect information about the benefits that can be derived. Good examples of merit goods include health services, education, and work training programmes. Why does the government provide merit goods and services? * To encourage consumption so that some of the positive externalities associated with merit goods can be achieved * To overcome the information failures linked to merit goods, not least when the longer-term private benefit of consumption is greater than the shorter-term benefit of consumption * On grounds of equity – because the government believes that consumption should not be based solely on the grounds of ability to pay for a good or service Education is an example of a merit good. Education should provide a number of external benefits that might not be taken into account by the free market. These include rising incomes and productivity for current and future generations; an increase in the occupational mobility of the labour force which should help to reduce unemployment and therefore reduce welfare spending. However, there are some goods which are thought to be ‘bad’ for you. They are cold demerit goods. Examples include the costs arising from consumption of alcohol, cigarettes and drugs together with the social effects of addiction to gambling. The consumption of demerit goods can lead to negative externalities. The government seeks to reduce consumption of demerit goods. Consumers may be unaware of the negative externalities that these goods create – they have imperfect information about long-term damage to their own health. The government may decide to intervene in the market for demerit goods and impose taxes on producers and / or consumers. Higher taxes cause prices to rise and should lead to a fall in demand. However high taxes increase unemployment because firms may relocate abroad increases cost of production for firms making the less competitive to firms in another countries where no tax is applied. But many economists argue that taxation is an ineffective and inequitable way of curbing the consumption of drugs and gambling particularly for those affected by addiction. Banning consumption through regulation may reduce demand, but risks creating secondary (illegal) or underground markets in the product. Market failure with demerit goods – the free market may fail to take into account the negative externalities of consumption because the social cost is less then private cost. Consumers too may experience imperfect information about the long term costs to themselves of consuming products deemed to be demerit goods. The social optimal level of consumption would be Q3 – the output that takes into account the information failure of consumers and also the negative externalities. One way to solve this problem is to try to remove the information failure. Information deficits can often lead to a misallocation of resources and hence the possibility of market failure. Information failure occurs when people have inaccurate, incomplete, uncertain or misunderstood data and so make potentially ‘wrong’ choices. Government action can have a role in improving information to help consumers and producers value the ‘true’ cost and/or benefit of a good or service. Examples might include: * Compulsory labeling on cigarette packages with health warnings to reduce smoking * Improved nutritional information on foods to counter the risks of growing obesity * Anti speeding television advertising to reduce road accidents and advertising campaigns to raise awareness of the risks of drink-driving * Advertising health screening programmes / information campaigns on the dangers of addiction Another dvantage of government intervention is the national minimum wage. The national minimum wage was introduced into the UK in 1999. It is an intervention in the labour market designed to increase the pay of lower-paid workers and thereby influence the distribution of income in society. In October 2005, the value of the minimum wage for adults was ? 5. 05 – following a series of small increases over recent years. The main aims of the minimum wage 1. The equity justification: That every job should offer a fair rate of pay commensurate with the skills and experience of an employee 2. Labour market incentives: The NMW is designed to improve the incentives for people to start looking for work – thereby boosting the economy’s available labour supply 3. Labour market discrimination: The NMW is a tool designed to offset some of the effects of persistent discrimination of many low-paid female workers and younger employees A diagram showing the possible effects of a minimum wage is shown above. The market equilibrium wage for this particular labour market is at W1 (where demand = supply). If the minimum wage is set at Wmin, there will be an excess supply of labour equal to E3 – E2 because the supply of labour will expand (more workers will be willing and able to offer themselves for work at the higher wage than before) but there is a risk that the demand for workers from employers (businesses) will contract if the minimum wage is introduced. Although all political parties are now committed to keeping the minimum wage, there are still plenty of economists who believe that setting a pay floor represents a distortion to the way the labour market works because it reduces the flexibility of the labour market 1. Competitiveness and Jobs: Firstly a minimum wage may cost jobs because a rise in labour costs makes it more expensive to employ people and higher labour costs might damage the international competitiveness of British producers. To the extent that rising unemployment worsens the living standards of those affected it has a negative impact on poverty. 2. Effect on relative poverty: Is the minimum wage the most effective policy to reduce relative poverty? There is evidence that it tends to boost the incomes of middle-income households where more than one household member is lready in work whereas the greatest risk of relative poverty is among the unemployed, elderly and single parent families where the parent is not employed. Government intervenes to stabilise farmers income and reduce price fluctuations using buffer stock schemes. The prices of agricultural products tend to fluctuate more violently than the price of manufactured products and services. This is largely due to the volatility in the supply of agricultural products coupled with the fact that demand and supply are price inelastic. Buffer stock schemes seek to stabilise the market price of agricultural products by buying up supplies of the product when harvests are plentiful and selling stocks of the product onto the market when supplies are low. The supply curves S1 and S2 represent the supply of wheat at the end of two different seasons. Supply is perfectly inelastic since farmers cannot change the quantity supplied onto the market post harvest. The organisation wishes to keep price fluctuations within a certain band: it will not allow the price of the product to rise above P max or to fall below P min. Assume that in one particular year there is a bumper harvest so that S1 is supplied onto the market. In absence of any intervention the market price would drop below P min, so the organisation buys up AB of the product to increase the market price up to P min. In the next year bad weather may result in a poor harvest so that only S2 is supplied. The market price would rise above the maximum permitted by the organisation, so the organisation sells CD of its stocks onto the market to reduce the price to P max. In contrast buffer stocks do not often work well in practice. Perishable items can not be stored for long periods of time and can therefore be immediately ruled out of buffer stock schemes. There are also high administrative and storage costs to be considered. Also education or healh sphere can suffer. The economists have a mixed view about the importance and effects of government intervention in the market system, it can be said that government interventions should aim at working with the market system that is already existing rather than implementing policies that make great changes. If the government intervention is such that it introduces inefficiencies greater than rationalizing the entire market system, there is a threat of damaging the economy. The distorted government intervention can lead to consumer dissatisfaction and higher costs. Most of the economists are of the view that government interventions should be facilitating in nature rather than having a direct control over the market.

International Obesity Health Risks and Policies

International Obesity Health Risks and Policies Anja Bialas Jà ¶rn Janssen Alice Temitope Olude Table of content 1 Obesity as the major health risk for the population of the Republic of Nauru –Causes and Impact †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2 Possibilities and constraints of health protection policies in Nauru †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 2.1 Assessment of the requirements of adequate health policies in Nauru †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4 2.2 Discussion of Financing Options of Social Health Protection in the Case of Nauru †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 3 Conclusions and Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 1 Obesity as the major health risk for the population of the Republic of Nauru – Causes and Impact The world’s smallest independent Republic Nauru, which is located in the South Pacific Ocean, set a distressing record of being one of the countries with the highest obesity rates. About 71.1 % adult of the population are considered to be obese (CIA 2014). Due to the WHO (2014), obesity is defined as â€Å"abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health†. The most important direct results or epiphenomena are cardiovascular diseases (e.g. stroke), which are mentioned by the WHO as the leading cause of death in 2012. Other ailments are diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders (e.g. osteoarthritis) some sort of cancer as well as mental disorders (WHO 2014). Nowadays, obesity at Nauru may result from the lack of access to a healthy environment, especially lack of access to fresh and healthy food and lack of physical activity. Besides that, other reasons from previous periods have to be discussed shortly, which may also be responsible for the present situation. After independence in 1968, Nauru used to be one of the richest countries in the world with high rates of GDP per capita due to its rich phosphate deposits. Due to bad governance, for instance the mismanagement of funds, lack of structural, economic and environmental policies, Nauru went bankrupt finally. Today, the republic is a low-income country and can be characterized by the following attributes: Lack of established industries Deteriorating capital plants High unemployment rate of 90% due to estimations by the CIA of 2005 (CIA 2014) Destroyed landscape (90% of the land are deteriorated due to intensive phosphate mining) (CIA 2014) High dependency on imports of almost all goods (food and other consumer goods) High dependency from aid, especially from the donor Australia In spite of all these health problems, Nauru lacks a good health care system and it cannot afford to create one because of its weak economic and social state. Now, Nauru lacks the capacities to deal with the most important health risk obesity on the one hand, which affects the majority of the country. On the other hand it can be estimated, that Nauru will not be able to create an environment for the community to prevent further progress of overweight and obesity within the next years. For that reason it can be stated, that the country will not be able to deal with the problem in a proper way in the short and in the intermediate term. In the light of this, the paper would examine the present situations of Nauru healthcare and why the standard financing options won ´t work while also falsifying already tested hypotheses about the effectiveness of standard financing options. 2 Possibilities and constraints of health protection policies in Nauru 2.1 Assessment of the requirements of adequate health policies in Nauru What are the requirements for an adequate health policy, and how might the situation in Nauru look like, in detail? In the following, this chapter is going to answer the stated questions. Therefore, it uses six basic indicators of good health policies; the focus on lifestyle and needs of population, consideration of other sectors relevant for health, participation of the population, use of locally available resources, integration and coordination of preventive, promotional, curative and rehabilitative measures, and decentralization of services. With this, the subject of the following chapter is to create an understanding of Nauru ´s situation today, while simultaneously trying to present the major problems. Focus on lifestyle and needs of population Beginning with lifestyle, we address directly one of the major problems. Before the country became rich, due to phosphate exportation, the population provided themselves through farming, fishing and hunting (20min 2011). The natural food and the gently cooking preparation, through boiling, supported the inhabitants with healthy, organic and substantial food. But with the growing income the eating habits changed towards imported, fat and durable food from the West, especially, meat and chips found their way in the supermarkets and so into stomachs of the population. Together with a low amount of working people, Nauruan grew fatter and unhealthier. Another problem is that only processed or canned food finds its way on the island, until today, because the transportation of vegetables or fruits would take too long and would be too expensive. Even with an active government, the imported goods are still a problem (20min 2011). The lifestyle of the population changed over the last decades. Today ´s government focuses on the problem and is trying to support the population. Information on measures and programs are discussed in several media but are not published via official channels. Therefore it remains questionable, if the government ´s efforts are sufficient and suitable to address the problems. Use of locally available resources – considering their scarcity The considerations of the government lead to daily walks of the president, anti-obesity campaigns, with signs and banners, and a support campaign for natural and healthy foods, which seemed to have some success. Especially the small trend towards more healthy food, developed with the growing poverty. Imported food is often more expensive than rural food. Therefore, the people do not have much of a choice and it is hardly to count as a success. Participation of the population in search for solutions The participation of the population seems rather small. Even though the average lifespan of a male Nauruan dropped under the age of 50, the support of the population is limited (WHO Nauru 2012). A few people profit from the working benefits, only the youngest go to school or college. The problem, the 95% obese people, are whether neither young nor working. Most of them are out of school and not working. Therefore, they do not see the necessity for change (Nauru Government 2014). Due to this, they are hard to motivate and engage. Participation of the population is critical for the success of all measures to reduce the health risks. It can be stated, that participation is rather low. It should be a major concern of the government to focus on that issue. Consideration of other sectors relevant for health With the acceptance and notion of the problem obesity, the government tried to support the population through single activities; additional focus on sport activities in the education system, free aerobic classes, the creation of sport tournaments, the provision of more sport areas and the support of those areas with the needed equipment and a guaranteed time for employees to do fitness. Naturally, because only a few people work, only a few benefit from the walking regulation, which does not support a change efficiently. Additionally, they started an anti-diabetes campaign and inform children in schools about the difficulties coming from an unhealthy lifestyle early on. As a result of this, the president walks every day, visible for everyone, on the landing zone of the airport, to motivate the population (20min 2011). Integration and coordination of preventive, promotional, curative and rehabilitative measures The government of Nauru agreed that they could only support the older population through high medicine standards, sufficient medication in case of diabetes, free athletic classes, obesity warnings and specialized medicine treatments (20min 2011). The young generation gets additional education about unhealthy living styles, is supported with more opportunities and motivation to do sports and. The focus of the government therefore lays on trying to change the development of the future generations and alleviation of the present problems for the older generations. Extravagant measures, like the daily walk of the president are one of the things, which were implemented to raise awareness. Decentralization of services The decentralization is not relevant because of the very small size of the country. 2.2 Discussion of Financing Options of Social Health Protection in the Case of Nauru There are various ways that a social health insurance could be financed. This section of the paper will be explaining the various financing options, the various features of each of the options, how they work and then assess its feasibility in financing social health insurance policies in Nauru. The various financing options the paper would examine are as follows: User fees, Prepayment scheme, Government budget and Private insurance. Besides that Social insurance and Micro-insurance are further options of financing, which will not be focused in the following discussion. User Fees This involves an â€Å"out-of-pocket† financing of health services. In other words, the people would have to pay out of their pocket and it is usually on an immediate basis. It has been argued overtime whether this form of financing is effective or not, and also whether it promotes the use of social health insurance. While some argued that it provides a measure to check over utilization of health services, some argued that it doesn’t encourage the poor (who are the most vulnerable to health risks) to use health services as it is usually too expensive for them to manage. Also, it doesn’t really protect people from risks as there is no insurance element. With all the above mentioned, it is quite clear why this form of financing cannot be used in Nauru. In a country with 90% unemployment according to CIA fact book and with its citizens having no source of income, it will be impossible for them to pay for health services out of their pockets much less immediately. Prepayment Scheme Prepayment scheme as the name implies is the payment for a service in advance. This involves a payment of premium before the occurrence of the hazard. It has same features like the user fees except that it has an insurance element in that the users pay ahead of the occurrence of the hazard. This also cannot work for the citizens of Nauru as most of them are unemployed so there is no way of making payments in installments. Also, most of the employed are working in the informal sector, which makes it even more difficult for pooling of funds. Government Budget (Taxes) The government can also get to finance health care policies. This is usually done by allocating a percentage of government budget to the health care sector. Also, it could be done through payment of tax by citizens to government but usually with subsidies. This form of financing acts as a balance between the rich getting health coverage and the poor getting coverage as well. This is so because it is cheaper, provides universal access with low administration costs and most importantly, more coverage at little or no costs. The Nauru government has an annual budget of $AUD 35.6 million as reported by the UNICEF in 2002, as well as a total expenditure of $AUD 79 million, which brings its deficit to $AUD 49 million. With this huge deficit and 90% of her revenue coming from aid, the health sector remains under funded still even though a higher percentage of her budget goes to providing health services. Making it also almost impossible to singlehandedly provide good health services based on government funding. Private Insurance Private health insurance is a form of voluntary insurance taken out by users themselves for various reasons. It has been argued that private health insurance helps cater to needs of the rich which allows the government to focus on catering better to the needs of the poor with limited resources. Also, it helps to provide more choices to the consumers and acts as a catalyst to reforms and efficiency in public health insurance. Despite all of these advantages, it is still really expensive and even widens gap between the rich and poor. Moreover, it is a bit difficult to administrate. Presently, there is no form of private health insurance in Nauru. This is no surprise as private health insurers usually invest where the profits are higher and also insure people with lowest vulnerability to risks. In Nauru, most of its people suffer from obesity and diabetes; thus, if there were to be any coverage by insurance, these two diseases have to be a main focus but private insurers won’t want to insure them as the probability of the risk occurring is really high. 3 Conclusions and Recommendation The paper focused mainly on two pillars, which are assessment of the requirements of adequate health policies and financing options. Within the chapters 2.1 and 2.2., we could give evidence for a number of problems, of which inhabitants of Nauru suffers today. Those can be summarized by the following characteristics: 1. Country specific obstacles like the small size, small number of inhabitants, high number of unemployed people, as well as the high number of diseased people and mismanagement in the past. 2. Lack of self-responsibility 3. High dependency burdens 4. Budget constraints These problems affect the health conditions of the country to large extend and worsen the situation of people who suffer from obesity but also support a large number of obesity incidence. We must come to the conclusion that for the same reasons / problems, Nauru will not be able to deal with the problem in a proper way in the short and in the intermediate term. Also, it can be estimated, that Nauru will not be able to formulate adequate policies and strategies to address the needs of those people who already suffer from obesity as well as those who are in danger to come down with obesity. Furthermore it is critical to find sufficient and sustainable sources how to finance the budget and especially a budget for health policies. Even if the authorities are aware of the problem and have been implementing single strategies to fight against obesity, it lacks of a broad and sustainable implementation of concrete measures to address the problem. Due to the requirements of adequate health policies, it can be stated, that Nauru is not able to improve the situation remarkably. At the moment, the awareness concerning a responsibility and especially self-responsibility of the Nauruan authorities to address the needs of a healthy population is not obvious. The major argument here is, that there is no transparency because of lack of adequate information. In terms of financing options, Nauru has to look for other, maybe unconventional financing options e.g. selling the right for an arts project (film, book) because of the countries unique past or Nauru could initiate a crowd funding campaign, which offers adventure vacation for money. Besides that, Nauru should focus on financing options, which makes the country independent from single donor states like Australia, e.g. credit at the World Bank. Bibliography Central Intelligence Agency, 2014. The World Factbook. Washington D. C.: CIA -The World Factbook. Available from: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2228rank.html?countryname=Naurucountrycode=nrregionCode=ausrank=2#nr (Accessed 14th August 2014, 21st September 2014) 20min, 2011. Das dickste Volk der Welt. Available from: http://www.20min.ch/wissen/gesundheit/story/Das-dickste-Volk-der-Welt-25052451 (Accessed 20.09.2014) Nauru Government, 2014. Health, online platform. Available from http://www.naurugov.nr/health (Accessed 21.09.2014) World Health Organization, 2014. WHO Media centre – Obesity and overweight; Fact sheet N ° 311. Geneva: WHO Media centre. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/ (Accessed 14 August 2014) World Health Organization, 2012. Nauru: health profile. Available from: http://www.who.int/gho/countries/nru.pdf?ua=1. (Accessed 22.09.2014) United Nations, 2012. Nauru: health profile. Available from: https://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Nauru (Accessed 22.09.2014)

Analysis of Beyoncés Formation Video (Black Lives Matter)

Analysis of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video (Black Lives Matter) Beyoncà ©s Formation Video (Black Lives Matter)A Literary Analysis Research Paper Abstract Beyoncà © is one of the singers most recognized in the world and United States of America. She assumed a political role since some events aroused against Afro-American People, related with racism and police brutality. She created the musical video Formation to transmit a message to the people in favor of black lives matter. Keywords: Beyoncà ©, Video, Black Lives Matter, Illuminati, Creole, Alabama, Louisiana, Black Culture, Rapper Beyoncà © launched in 2016 her album Lemonade, including one controversial song, the number twelve in the list whose name is Formation. This unique song is accompanied with an award winning, well-produced and elaborated video, released on purpose, next to the birthday anniversary of Trayvon Martin and Sandra Bland, whose deaths are well remembered by Afro-American people as victims of brutal law enforcement and racism. Beyoncà ©s Formation messages are about many more things than simple racism and police brutality. This song delivers messages about feminism, Creole culture, Beyoncà © pride, Black pride, Black power, sexism, LGBT, Hurricane Katrina rememberings, and Beyoncà © intention to dispel the rumor that she is an Illuminati. This video masterfully reveals to faces of Beyoncà © at the same time, as an Entertainer and an Activist. (Caramanica Wortham, 2016). All Formation messages could be classified in major and minor messages. This writing only deals only with major messages, and minor will be ignored. The major messages are one of this two possibilities: direct and explicit messages, or in the other hand are ambiguous, subliminal or hidden messages. This visual and musical work apparently deliver inconsistent sentences with multiple meanings, but that aspect is irrelevant to the first time viewer, because the video is very rich on visuals and plays sticky rhythms that distracts him from the powerful hidden and subliminal messages. This video is holistically great, verified by its numerous well written articles and awards received. Under a rigorous and serious analysis, many messages emerge with multiple meanings. Specially two types of messages could be identified: first, direct or non-ambiguous messages, and second, ambiguous messages with multiple or hidden meanings. Any person, not necessarily an expert will be able to recognize that the lyrics and visuals of this video were semantically engineered by a linguist or carefully designed by an expert on semiotics. Some messages are direct and non-ambiguous like: The Hurricane Katrina aftermath, the Police signs, Beyoncà © pride, Black pride, Black power, Creole Culture, and the effort to dispel the rumor that Beyoncà © are an Illuminati. On the other hand, there are ambiguous messages delivered with multiple or hidden meanings about sexism and LGBT. Those messages appear to the viewer to have multiple interpretations, but the final meaning decision is left free to the particular audience, their will, their virginal minds or the predominant psyche of the individual. Every sentence has two interpretations: the vulgar and the non-vulgar, the formal and the non-formal, the explicit and the implicit message. One of the first message delivered is about the Hurricane Katrina, when the video starts with a living phrase of a killed rapper, whose name was Messy Mya. The voice of the rapper expresses: What happened at the New Wilins? (beyonceVEVO, 2016), then the video shows up many scenes related with New Orleans Katrina floodings. Along the video are Police signs delivered with an apparent neutral connotation, but at the end they suggests indirectly a judgement to the collectively subconscious mind, who has been extensively influenced by the media with the events on police brutality. Beyoncà © is laying at the top of a New Orleans white and blue car, with the word police, partially submerged in the flooding water, sitting squatting, while the back scene displays a neighborhood with flooded houses. Some police departments may considered that scene disrespectful. In other scene, after a sequence of images of New Orleans daily living, the observer can see the word police at the back of a man that resembles a guard. Once again, the video attracts the mind of the viewer to the word police. It is unforgettable the scene when the young boy is dancing with a New Orleans Style, in front of an anti-riot line of policemen and they rise their hands, after that the camera shows a graffiti in the wall with the legend Stop Shooting Us (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this could be interpreted in many ways, but one of them, is the triumph of the weak using non-violent methods, over those that represent the governmental power By the end of the video, the police car got totally submerged under the water, with Beyoncà © lying at the top, drowning, giving the impression that the police problem is a lose-to-lose situation. This is confirmed by some critics affirmations that Beyoncà © is not trying to defame the police. (Logan, 2016). Black power is depicted when Beyoncà © shows up in an elegant long black dress with a big black hat, agitating his hand with a piece of his long hair in circles surrounded by Afro-American guys, also dressed in etiquette black clothes, at the door of an antebellum house, the image evoked in the mind of the viewer is about the power and the way that wealthy and powerful black people lives. The Black power is also depicted in the scene that shows a lonely black cowboy with a golden necklace. An explicit message occurs when Beyoncà © try to defeat the rumors affirming that she is an illuminati, using a unique phrase: Yall haters corny with that Illuminati mess (beyonceVEVO, 2016). The video exhibits some dual interpretations with sentences like this: Paparazzi, catch my fly and my cocky fresh (beyonceVEVO, 2016). This message could be interpreted as a sexual reference or a pride reference. Also there are some explicit sexual references, like: When he fuck me good, I take his ass to Red Lobster, cause I slay (beyonceVEVO, 2016), and there are ambiguous, hidden or second meaning sexual references, when she said: I got hot sauce in my bag, swag (beyonceVEVO, 2016), this sentence has two simultaneous interpretations: first as a reference to Creole culture in which women carries hot sauce in their purses, or a female sexual reference. The controversial word swag may be used in this video as a synonym of promotional items, stylish confidence, or with a sexual orientation reference, also this word correspond to a very well-known LGBT word that means secretly we are gay. But the most incredible fact is that the word slay is mentioned 49 times along the video, probably, with the meaning of extraordinary or killer performance, but lets consider that is also a well-known urban sexual reference. Beyoncà © pride is evident when she expresses Im so reckless when I rock my Givenchy dress (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or Im so possessive so I rock his Roc necklaces (beyonceVEVO, 2016), or Earned all this money, but they never take the country out me (beyonceVEVO, 2016). It is unavoidable that The Black and Creole culture message earned a strong reference in this video, with direct and explicit sentences like this: My daddy Alabama, momma Louisiana (beyonceVEVO, 2016), You mix that Negro with that Creole, make a Texas bama (beyonceVEVO, 2016), I like my baby hair with baby hair and afros (beyonceVEVO, 2016), I like my Negro nose with Jackson Five nostrils (beyonceVEVO, 2016). There is a direct reference to feminism and women leadership when she says: Okay, ladies, now lets get in formation (beyonceVEVO, 2016). In the second middle of the video there is a black man holding in his hand a newspaper named The Truth, whose cover story displays the phrase More than a Dreamer with the photo of Martin Luther King, suggesting that his Leadership was bigger than his famous discourse I have a Dream. The final conclusion is evident. Beyoncà ©s Formation video direct and indirect messages are multiple and not only about simple racism and police brutality, but also was produced with the intention to reveal some paradoxical aspects of the southern living in the United States. This well acclaimed by the critics video was produced by professionals with the same intention as the Black Lives Matter movement, probably become his Anthem. WORKS CITED [beyonceVEVO]. (2016, December 9). Beyoncà © Formation. [Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDZJPJV__bQ. Caramanica, J. , Morris, J. and Wortham, J. (2016). Beyoncà © in Formation: Entertainer, Activist, Both?. New York Times, Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/arts/music/beyonce-formation-super-bowl-video.html?_r=0 This is a critical review of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video is made by three recognized critics, in the form of a dialog. They suggest that Beyoncà © is an activist and at the same time she is an entertainer. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (New York Times, Best Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Logan, B. (2016). No, Beyoncà © is not bashing the police: Heres what her new song Formation is really saying. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/the-messages-in-beyonces-formation-2016-2. This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video and clears out to the audience that Beyoncà © is not ridiculing the police. In the opposite side this video is a call for peace and an altruist apology to the black culture in America. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (Business Insider, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Macpherson, A. (2016). Beyoncà ©s Formation review a rallying cry that couldnt be more timely, The Guardian, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2016/feb/08/beyonce-formation-review-super-bowl-rallying-cry-black-consciousness This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video that states that the world tour is timely deliveries. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Best Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible), and Purpose (the point of view appear objective and impartial). Hoby, H. (2016) Beyoncà ©: Formation tour review defiant, victorious and glorious, The Guardian, Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/music/2016/apr/28/beyonce-formation-tour-review-defiant-victorious-and-glorious. This article corresponds to a review of Beyoncà ©s Formation Video that states that this is the event of the year, masterfully produced. This source is reliable because its Currency (2016), Relevance (Critical review), Authority (The Guardian, Recognized journalists), Accuracy (Content reliable and credible

An Analysis of the Detective Genre Essay -- English Literature

An Analysis of the Detective Genre Sherlock Holmes, is a fictional yet convincing character created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. With plots bizarre, singular and tantalising, Doyle has created of one of our most popular genres. The heroes in the detective genre often display the best of human qualities, and are aware of the idolised role they have been placed in by their closest companions. In the adventure of The Speckled Band the hero, Sherlock Holmes, reveals his concern for his clients and comforts the victim by informing her, "You must not fear". This allows, the reader to understand the distinction between the emotional and professional side of his occupation. During the same conversation Holmes' phrases such as , "I am all attention" indicate his conscientiousness and professionalism. His powers of observation are able to pinpoint a minor flaw in appearance to which others are oblivious, "all comprehensive glances" and "I observe the second half of a ticket". Holmes conveys his equanimity, when threatened his reaction is to chuckle "heartily" and only is insulted when he is associated with the, "official force". In doing so he warns his opponent that intimidation is not enough to put him off. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle has created not only an idol but a hero respected by those who know him best for his wit, his methods and his amiable character. Heroes in the modern day version of the genre come from many backgrounds and cultures. This new variety contrasts the Victorian stereotype of a strong and witty character such as Sherlock Holmes. In The Devil's Foot and The Man with the Twisted Lip the hero, Holmes is again portrayed as both judge and jury. Holmes is, "without rest" until a clear picture of... ... in the modern detective genre is a major contrast to earlier detective fiction and has improved the view of women to which others take. The new role of women can be proven in the TV series, "Randall and Hopkirk Deceased" as one of the detectives, Genie is a woman. Although it has taken a hundred years, time has successfully altered the role of women. Whilst comparing modern detective fiction with the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle I have learnt that time has transformed from the prescriptive possibilities for ingredients essential of a detective genre. Such ingredients have been altered by a change in society opinions on various matters from the discrimination of gender to stereotyping characters. From observing fiction such as comic or dramatic I have found that the techniques and plans originate from Holmes himself have nevertheless stayed the same.

Marjorie Garbers Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety

Marjorie Garber's Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety The tendency to establish rigid social codes of gender-determined behaviors is apparent everywhere--though specifically present in literary texts. Women are expected to, in essence, be women and act, dress, and behave in a manner that distinguishes them from men. While these constructs are rigidly defined, they are easily and recurrently transcended. In her, Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety, Majorie Garber demonstrates the concept of "cultural binarisms", illustrating them to be the social and historical obsession with polarizing individuals, male or female, into either "one" group or the "other." In her essay, she concentrates her discussion on the importance of dress in the construction of gender and its power in undermining it. Garber writes that gender boundaries--which she defines as blurred social concepts--can be transcended by the cross-dresser. Additionally, the appearance of a transvestite character indicates that a "category crisis" is present, but not limited to gender identity. This "category crisis", is resultant of the "binarisms" which have been disturbed. Herman Mann's account, The Female Review: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier, reinforces Garber's assertions about the cross-dressing figure in literature-- once Sampson puts on men's clothing, her identity is changed. She is, therefore, able to transgress the limited capacities of a woman and access her desires to see the world. Mann addresses several instances of "binarisms"--including gender, class, and status--throughout his text. Through his character of Deborah Sampson, he is able to display a separate, but relevant issue of a socially and politically ... ...and(habit). Also, Mann states about Sampson's desire to become a soldier: "and in the end, perhaps, [she would] be instrumental in the CAUSE OF LIBERTY, which had for nearly six years, enveloped the minds of her countrymen" (Mann, 233). This statement makes a direct comment on the state of his country and Sampson's impact on its freedom. In this way, he connects her desires of cross-dressing and living as a man to his desires of witnessing American Liberty. Works Cited: De Erauso, Catalina. Memoir of a Basque Lieutenant Nun. Beacon Press: Boston, 1996. Garber, Marjorie. Vested Interests: Cross-dressing and Cultural Anxiety. Routledge: New York, 1992. Mann, Herman. The Female Reveiw: Life of Deborah Sampson, the Female Soldier. Boston, 1797. Rotundo, Anthony. "Community to the Individual: The Transformation of Manhood". American Manhood, 10-30.

growaw Edna Pontellier’s Rebirth in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: Chopin Awakening Essays

Rebirth in The Awakening  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kate Chopin, author of The Awakening, focused a spotlight on some very dark corners of our society.   As a woman, I want to have a voice in my marriage, and I want to make decisions along with my husband, if I decide to marry. In The Awakening, Edna is a married woman who does not want to be a wife or a mother. She is bound to her home and her husband who makes every important decision in their marriage.   Mr. Pontellier was a very demanding, know it all, kind of man. He expected his wife Edna to come to him at every beck and call. He never let Edna make any decisions of her own. For example, Edna couldn’t sleep one night, so she grabbed a shawl and sat at on her porch for a few early morning hours while her husband slept. He awoke, without her beside him, and demanded that she come in and go to bed. Why couldn’t she stay out on that porch and dream of good thoughts? She was a very unhappy woman, and many nights, she would cry for hours about her unhappiness. In the third chapter she really expresses her true unhappiness with her husband and her children. She really has no interest in her children and caring for them as a mother. I can blame Edna, because she knew what she was in for when she married Leonce. But, I also feel sorry for her because reality hit her too late, and she’s miserable. I felt like she thought maybe giving it a chance with this man and bearing children, that she may learn to enjoy this life. WRONG!! Leonce is a big pretender, especially in front of people. He sends chocolates and gifts to Edna, in which other women see and wish for that kind of husband. They don’t know the true kind of person he his. He is really not an ideal husband or father. He attends to his business and gambling with his friends while his wife is demanded to care for the children. If he was a true, loving husband, then he would take out some time to spend with his wife and help her out with the children. Robert is a fun, caring man to women and he especially desires Edna. He sees her unhappiness and of course tries to comfort her.

Web application and a Web server

1. Why is it critical to perform a penetration test on a Web application and a Web server prior to production implementation? Although many organizations have reduce significant number of design and coding defects through software development lifecycle; there still remains security holes that arise when an application is deployed and interacts with other processes and different operating systems (Cobb, 2014). Another reason that penetration test is critical is many Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) mandate internal and external penetration test (Cobb,2014).2. What is a cross-site scripting attack? Explain in your own words. Cross-site scripting is when an attacker exploits the controls of a trusted website and injects malicious code with the intent of spreading it to other end users. For example, an attacker injects a browser script on a website, so that other users will click on it and compromise sensitive information.3. What is a reflective cross-site scripting attack?A reflective cross-site scripting attack is when the injected script is reflected off the web server, much like an error message or search results. This type of attack is mostly carried out by e-mail messages in which the user is tricked by clicking on a malicious link and then the injected code travels to the vulnerable website and reflects the attack back to the user’s browser (OWASP, 2013).4. What common method of obfuscation is used in most real-world SQL attacks? These methods include character scrambling, repeating character masking, numeric variance, nulling, artificial data generation, truncating, encoding, and aggregating. These methods rely on an array of built in SQL server system functions that are used for string manipulation (Magnabosco, 2009).5. Which Web application attack is more prone to extracting privacy data elements out of a database? SQL injections can be used to enter the database with administrator rights in which are also the best way to avoi d using Java on the website (OWASP, 2013).6. If you can monitor when SQL injections are performed on an SQL database,  what would you recommend as a security countermeasure to monitor your production SQL databases? I would recommend coordinated and regular security audits to prevent any back lash of SQL injections.7. Given that Apache and Internet Information Services (IIS) are the two most popular Web application servers for Linux and Microsoft ® Windows platforms, what would you do to identify known software vulnerabilities and exploits? I would explore the large number of binary planting vulnerabilities known as â€Å"dll spoofing† and â€Å"dll preloading† in which have been identified in third party applications running on a windows platform.8. What can you do to ensure that your organization incorporates penetration testing and Web application testing as part of its implementation procedures? My approach to this matter would be to focus on the benefits of pen etration testing and web application testing. I would explain to my company how the testing would identify holes and vulnerabilities in the current web applications. I would also make the point that by incorporating this testing would make the organization more marketable to partner companies and future clients.9. What other security countermeasures do you recommend for websites and Web application deployment to ensure the CIA of the Web application? I would identify all the key pieces to my Web Server and address each accordingly. The key pieces would include Patches and Updates, IISLockdown, Services, Protocols, Accounts, Files and Directions, Shares, Ports, Registry, Auditing and Logging, Sites and Virtural Directories, Script Mappings, ISAPI Filters, ISS Metabase, Server Certificates, Machine.config, and Code Access Security (Microsoft Corporation, 2014).10. Who is responsible and accountable for the CIA of production Web applications and Web servers? Any trained certified infor mation security professional that is assigned or assumes such responsibility.

Hr Project on Motivation

ELIJAH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES Thrissur CERTIFICATE FROM THE COLLEGE This is to certify that the project report entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwith special to reference hyderbad industries limited, Thrissur, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of University of Calicut was carried out by Mr. SHAHID KV. Dr. C. T. PAUL Principal CERTIFICATE FROM THE GUIDEThis is to certify that the project report entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwith special to reference hyderbad industries limited, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of University of Calicut was carried out by Mr. SHAHID KV under my guidance. This has not been submitted to any other university or institution for award of any degree/diploma/certificate. Miss. ANITHA. A (Faculty Guide) DECLARATIONI, Shahid kv declare that the project entitled â€Å"A Study on employee motivation of Hyderabad Industries Ltd† submitted to Calicut University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of master of business administration is a record of original project work done by me during my period of study in Elijah Institute of Management Studies under the able guidance of Miss. ANITHA. A (MBA). I further declare that this project report has not been submitted to any other university/institution/board for award of any degree/diplomaPlace: TrichurSHAHID KV Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost let me sincerely thank ALMIGHTY for the great opportunity and blessings that he has showered up on me for the successful and timely completion of my project work. I extent my sincere gratitude to Dr. C. T. Paul, Principal, Elijah Institute of studies and Dr. Sandhya. G. nair, Head of the department of management studies, for their kind support and guidance for making my project great succes s. I very great fully wish to forward due respect and thanks to my internal faculty guide Miss. Anitha.A, able guide for the project, for the continuous, creative, valuable and informative support extended to me, without which the project would not have been efficiently completed. I am also thankful to Mrs. Jyothis Rachel and Mr. Vinod A. S [faculty of ELIMS]. I render my whole hearted thanks to all the other respected faculties of the management department, librarian, lab technician and all other office staff for their assistance and co-operation given to me in regard to this work. I am extremely indebted to the management of Hyderabad Industries Limited, Thrissur and Mr.Pradeep kumar, General Manager (works), who gave me the privilege to carry out my project in their distinguished institution. Let me take this opportunity to thank all the Hyderabad Industries Ltd’s staff for their help and co-operation. I thank my parents and all other family members for their valuable and inseparable support in completion of this project. Once again I take this opportunity to convey my sincere thanks to each and every person who helped me directly and indirectly in the successful completion of this project.SHAHID KV TABLE OF CONTENTS |CHAPTERS |CONTENTS . |PAGE NO | |CHAPTER 1 | | | | |(1. 1) INTRODUCTION |1 | | |(1. ) RESEARCH PROBLEM |2 | | |(1. 3) SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY |2 | | |(1. 4) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES |3 | | |(1. 5) RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS |4 | | |(1. ) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY |4 | | | | | |CHAPTER 2 |LITERATURE REVIEW |8 | | | | | | |(3. ) INDUSTRY PROFILE |17 | |CHAPTER 3 |(3. 2) COMPANY PROFILE |22 | | |(3. 3) DEPATMENT PROFILE |26 | | | | | |CHAPTER 4 |(4. ) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS |32 | | |(4. 2) INFERENTIAL STATISTICS |49 | | | | | |CHAPTER 5 | | | | |(5. ) SUMMARY |53 | | |(5. 2) FINDINGS |54 | | |(5. 3) SUGGESTIONS |55 | | |(5. 4) LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY |56 | | |(5. ) CONCLUSION |57 | | |(5. 6) SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH |58 | | | | | | |BIBLI OGRAPHY |Ix |LIST OF TABLES |SL: NO: |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO: | | | | | |4. 1. |Response about the support from the HR department |32 | | | | | |4. 1. 2 |Management is interested in motivating the employees | | | | |33 | |4. 1. |The type of incentives motivates more | | | | |34 | |4. 1. 4 |Satisfaction with the present incentives provided by the organization | | | |The company’s attitude in recognizing and acknowledging your work. | |4. 1. 5 | |35 | | |Periodical increase in salary | | | | | | |4. 1. |Job Security existing in the company |36 | | | | | |4. 1. 7 |Relationship with the Co-worker |37 | | | | | |4. 1. |Effective performance appraisal system |38 | | | | | |4. 1. 9 |Effective promotional opportunities in present job | | | | |39 | |4. 0 |Good safety measures existing in the organization | | | | |40 | |4. 11 |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated. | | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated |41 | |4. 2 | | | | |Career develo pment opportunities are helpful to get motivated | | |4. 13 |Opinion about the important factor which motivate the employees |42 | | | | | |4. 14 |The effect of incentives and other benefits in employee performance 43 | | |Involvement of employees in decision making | | |4. 15 | |44 | | | | | | | |45 | |4. 6 | | | | | | | |4. 7 | |46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |47 | | | |48 |LIST OF CHARTS |SL: NO: |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO: | | | | | |4. 1. |Response about the support from the HR department | | | | |32 | |4. 1. 2 |Management is interested in motivating the employees | | | | | | |4. 1. |The type of incentives motivates more |33 | | | | | |4. 1. 4 |Satisfaction with the present incentives provided by the organization |34 | | |The company’s attitude in recognizing and acknowledging your work. | |4. 1. 5 | | | | |Periodical increase in salary |35 | | | | | |4. 1. |Job Security existing in the company | | | | |36 | |4. 1. 7 |Relationship with the Co-worker | | | | |37 | |4. 1. |Effective performance appraisal system | | | | |38 | |4. 1. 9 |Effective promotional opportunities in present job | | | | | | |4. 0 |Good safety measures existing in the organization |39 | | | | | |4. 11 |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated. 40 | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated | | |4. 12 | |41 | | |Career development opportunities are helpful to get motivated | | |4. 13 Opinion about the important factor which motivate the employees | | | | |42 | |4. 14 |The effect of incentives and other benefits in employee performance | | | |Involvement of employees in decision making |43 | |4. 5 | | | | | |44 | | | | | |4. 6 | |45 | | | | | |4. 7 | | | | | |46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |47 | | | |48 | LIST OF FIGURES |FIGURE . NO. |INDEX |PAGE NO. | |2. |Maslow’s pyramid |12 | | 3. 2. 1 |ORGANIZATION CHARTs |26-29 | LIST OF APPENDICISES |SL. NO. |INDEX |PAGE NO. | |1. |QUESTIONNAIRE |X | Bibliography BOOKS. 1. Chabra T N â€Å"H uman Resource Management† (2005) revised edition Gangan Kapur, Delhi. 2. Venugopal & Aziz Abdul â€Å"Human Resource Management† (2004) revised edition, 3. Prasad L. M, â€Å"Human Resource Management,† second edition (2005), Sultan Chand & Sons- New Delhi. 4. Kothari C.R â€Å"Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques† 2nd revised edition (2007) New Age International Publishers- New Delhi. Journals 1. HRM Review, July 2008, The ICFI University press, Page No 55-59 2. Management Research, October 2007, ICFAI University press, Page No 37-40 WEBSITE †¢ http://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/employee-development-employee-productivity/601547-1. html †¢ www. Hil. in †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Asbestos †¢ http://www. petech. ac. za/robert/reshypoth. htm Questionnaire A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Respected madam/sir, As a part of my project I would like to gather some information from you which will help me in an in depth stu dy of project. I would be obliged if you co-operate with me in filling the questionnaire.Since the questionnaire is being used for academic purpose, the information gathered will be strictly confidential. Shahid kv Kindly fill the following: (Please put a tick mark in the appropriate box) 1. Are you satisfied with the support from the HR department? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral DissatisfiedHighly Dissatisfied 2. Management is really interested in motivating the employees? Strongly agree Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly disagree 3. Which type of incentives motivates you more? Financial incentives Non-financial incentives Both 4. How far you are satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization? Highly satisfied Satisfied NeutralDissatisfiedHighly Dissatisfied 5. Please provide the following rates. (5- Strongly agree, 4- Agree, 3-Neutral, 2-Disagree, 1-Strongly disagree) | No |Factors |Rates | | |Reasonable periodical increase in salary | | | |Job security exist in the co mpany | | | |Good relationship with co-workers | | |Effective performance appraisal system | | | |Effective promotional opportunities in the organization | | | |Good safety measures adopted in the organization. | | | |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated | | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated | | | |Company recognize and acknowledge your work | | 6. Rank the following factors which motivates you the most? (Rank 1, 2, 3, 4†¦. respectively) No |Factors |Rank | | |Salary increase | | | |Promotion | | | |Leave | | | |Motivational talks | | | |Recognition | | 7. Do you think that the incentives and other benefits will influence your performance? Influence Does not influence No opinion 8. Does the management involve you in decision making which are connected to your department? Yes NoOccasionally 9. What changes can be made to improve the work place environment? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Thank you for your kind co-operation

Law Enforcement Today Essay

There are many issues facing that law enforcement today from things such as racial discrimination to probable cause and for the officers who go through this on a daily basis it is has been a long and hard fight. In today’s law enforcement agencies there are many local, state and federal agencies that are in contact with the Department of Homeland Security. Racial discrimination is an issue for law enforcement today because there are cases in which a white officer arrests or shoots someone who is a minority and the minority public sees this to be an act of racial discrimination versus it being that someone who happens to be a minority not abiding by the laws that govern them and all the citizens around them as well as attempting to cause harm to those around them. For instance I am sure everyone has heard about the Michael Brown case that occurred in August 2014 where a white police officer shot and killed a black teenager in Ferguson, Missouri which has caused a problem in other agencies while their officers are on the road. Another incident that has become an issue is the safety of officers. For instance back on September 12, 2014 when a man who was seeking change shot and killed a Pennsylvania State Trooper while injuring another. Another issue all local, state and federal agencies deal with would be the issue on immigration. The reason immigration is an issue for police agencies is because when you have a person or a group of people that have come to the U.S. illegally they can cause problems in society that are unwanted and that cause crime to rocket in a specific area or all over the country. Another issue that the police agencies go through would be cybercrime. Cybercrime is a big issue for police agencies because the job of the police department is to protect the citizens and when a child is being bullied to the point the child takes their life or child pornography is being exposed on the internet it is a crime because it is causing someone else to become unsafe as well as it being illegal. Cybercrime is also very difficult for law enforcement  agencies to deal with because they can be very difficult to catch unless someone points out in plain view the specifics of who, when, where, what, and how it is occurring. Local, state and federal law enforcement agencies interact with Homeland Security in many ways. Some ways that these agencies interact with Homeland Security is by helping to continue in keeping the citizens of the United States of America safe report and by eliminate terrorist attacks or anything that will hinder the lives of the American people in any way in the United States. For instance if a local police agency runs a traffic stop that positively identifies known terrorists than they can bring the terrorists for questioning and to alert the state and federal agencies and the government on information about the terrorists and their groups. The way the Department of Homeland Security gets the federal, local and state law enforcement agencies involved is by collecting data, information, tools and resources that each of these agencies are going to need in order help eliminate terrorism in the United States. While trying to get all the agencies involved there are also different things that DHS and the local, state and federal agencies can do in order to improve their relationship. Such things include on how they communicate and share information, enhance federal resources as well as supporting them through grants, training and other means. Lastly, they would be to strengthen its analytic capabilities to achieve better awareness of new and emerging threats. As one who would like to become a police officer one day I too would like to gain access in helping to resolve the issues that the local, state and federal governments are facing today as well as in the future as well as protecting the citizens of the United States. Taking it step by step will help eliminate the threat of terror as well as even the issues of the department and the Standard Operating Procedures they go through.

Enhancing Education for International Students Essay

The impediments in facilitating learning in the realm of international students have been an issue among teachers and educational institutions. Through this dilemma, different studies in such literature have been proliferated to create avenues for changes and developments in such area. In the end, by properly incorporating these changes, appropriate measures and practices can be made so as to make education and learning worthwhile for international students. The paper seeks to showcase several important studies and articles that seek to address the challenges posed by facilitating education among international students. By doing this, better enforcement of education by institutions and teachers can be possible. Such compilation can be an important catalyst in addressing the needed changes by the academic institutions. Though this may seem an elaboration of important developments in the realm of education, this may sound to be general in nature compared to the variety and complex problems experienced by students. That is why the paper seeks to further limit the scope into reading and writing solutions adequate for international students. Addressing the overall problem Determining the dilemmas and hurdles faced by international students, one must be keen to understand that the difference in practices & culture and the language barrier remains to be the main catalyst for such experience. Lee in her article critically outlines the impediments and barrier of learning and development of international students. Seeing this, the article reflected important factors that led to such problems. â€Å"They recognized the need to adjust to the American-type classrooms, which includes, among other things, more interaction between professors and students, smaller classes, more explicit writing style, idiomatic language in spoken and written English, and a less formal classrooms. † (Lee, 1997, p. 94) Seeing this, Lee proposes several important solutions that administrators and teachers can implement in a classroom inhabited by international students. These actions are primarily focused on the process on which education is facilitated – oral, written and language skills. One important component in addressing the problem is by enhancing the listening capability of students. An important component in these suggestive methods is by both making the instructor and international student adapt at the same time in the classroom. â€Å"The tendency of American professors to modify textbooks and use outside sources to develop a unique class design creates obstacles for students who have listening difficulties. † (Lee, 1997, p. 94) Another important component indicated by Lee is the realization that there are cultural differences among students in the classroom. Local students may find and understand the topics if it talks about American culture, however this may not be the case for international students. â€Å"Students who are unfamiliar with examples may not understand the concept and so have additional information to decipher. † (Lee, 1997, p. 95) Instructors and teachers must prevent the occurrence of culture shock. By doing these, international students may feel at ease and can create further improvement in the acquisition of information and knowledge Internationalising Education Though a curriculum an educational institution may seem to provide, there must be an effort to continue to adjust it according to international standards. The study of Arkoudis showcases several important ways international students’ education in the classroom can be facilitated. One important facet is the creation of standardized teaching and learning. By doing this, an institution can both help facilitate education and learning not only for international students but also to locals as well. â€Å"There are also benefits for domestic students, as they engage with culturally and linguistically diverse students who offer multi-cultural perspectives on local and global issues. † (Arkoudis, 2006, p. 8) Another important point given by Arkoudis is the realization that a standardized curriculum must be developed so as to look into the welfare of international students. By focusing on how the content of a particular institution is given, proper facilitation of each discipline is achieved. â€Å"For some disciplines it seems that academics already consider the content as international, usually because the discipline is practiced in the same way across different countries. † (Arkoudis, 2006, p. 7) Also, there is another important component in the facilitation of education. This involves the creation of access to lectures particularly among students so as to give them the opportunity to further review materials in the classroom. By facilitating this, international students can cope with the challenges inside the classroom. â€Å"There are strategies that can be used in the design and delivery of the lecture that can assist in making the conventional lecture more accessible for international students† (Arkoudis, 2006, p. 9) Group participation has also been an important facet of American education for it gives opportunities for students to actively take part in the lesson given in a group setting. Arkoudis however argues that this may pose a hindrance for learning particularly among international students. These are due to several language barriers and their relative hesitation either caused by difficulty adjusting or shyness. â€Å"Contributing to discussions can be seen as a risky undertaking if the students are not comfortable with their English language ability or are unfamiliar with the cultural conventions for ‘breaking into’ the conversation. † (Arkoudis, 2006, p. 11) Seeing this, the teacher must actively create important measures and schemes that will improve the capability of international students to interact during group discussions.

Waterhouse Friderichsen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Waterhouse Friderichsen - Essay Example As the discussion highlights the hypothetical case study will be a 35-year-old female patient who was found with signs and symptoms associated with Waterhouse Friderichsen. A 35-year-old female patient got admitted after showing signs of high-grade fever accompanied by chills and vomiting over a period of 7days. The patient also had a skin rash on the abdomen and trunk, which appeared on the 5th day of infection. Following admission, the patient developed a hemorrhagic rash. On assessing the family history, there was no any significant information to associate the infection with family history. Medical examination revealed that the patient was unstable, and there was the presence of cyanosis. The patient was afebrile with a pulse rate of 90/min and a systolic BP of 70mmHg. From this paper, it is clear that neurological examination revealed positive signs of Kerning and Brudzinski. There were rashes all over the body but predominated on the abdomen and trunk. Collection of CSF was done under aseptic conditions and its processing is done under standard bacteriological procedures. Microscopy on CSF was done routinely, and a cell count of 9400/mm3 was reported. Of the total cell count, 86% were polymorphs while 14% were lymphocytes. An increase in CSF proteins to 309mg% and a decrease in glucose to 20mg% were reported. A Gram stain preparation of the CSF revealed pus cells accompanied with gram-negative diplococcus. CSF cultures were done on MacConkey agar, chocolate agar, and blood agar and incubated overnight. After overnight incubation, there were tiny translucent colonies on blood agar and chocolate agar. Standard bacteriological procedures identified the tinny translucent colonies to be those of Neisseria meningitides. A CT scan conducted on the patie nt confirmed adrenal hemorrhage, which is present in Waterhouse Friderrichsen syndrome. Antibiotic sensitivity using 5 antibiotics showed no resistance to any of the antibiotics under examination.