Individual, team and racquet athletics Essay

Sport contains mainly perceptual motor dexteritys so it is important to fill the correct skill for the situation. The process used to select the correct skill is c all(prenominal)ed the information processing system or the DCR process, because we identify information, Comp atomic number 18 it with previous experiences and then answer.Welford said that all information is interpreted in as stimuli by our senses. It is then stored in the short barrier memory forward being sorted, if the excitant is relevant to the current skill then it is stored in the short term memory where it is comp bed to previous experiences in the huge term memory. Then a ratiocination is made as to what performance to take based on this comparison. The action that was performed and the outcome from this action ar then stored in the long term memory for future(a) reference. Welfords get is shown belowThis model energises a instrument react in the way that they do to a situation simply in that re spect atomic number 18 many factors that endure influence what action the performer decides to take. These allow in time available, number and intensity of stimuli, experience, anticipation, fitness and motivation of the performer. The effect these factors let on a performer lead commute from individual, racquet and police squad childs plays.The time that you deplete available to process the incoming stimuli differs in distributively sport. For congressman in rugby, which is externally paced, you have a small amount of money of time to process the stimuli and make a decision because in that location argon usually many defenders around you. Tennis shams also have actually little time to react because the glob is usually travelling at a high speed and if they dont make a decision and return the ball they result lose the point. However in golf, an internally paced sport, the player can take as long as they need to make a decision because in that respect ar no oppo nents directly around them.There are terzetto main types of stimuli that see the stunning input these areVision is where a player get out react to a visual stimulus such as the spotlight of the ball or an opponent. These stimuli are easier to detect and react to if the stimulus is brighter. For subject in tennis the ball is bright yellow which makes it easier to see. But thither are also unwanted stimuli such as ball boys pathetic or crowd trends these stimuli are obviously digressive but they are still initially taken in which slows down the whole process. In an individual sport there are fewer visual stimuli for good poser in a 100m race the whole real visual stimulus is where the finish line is in relation to you.Audition this is all stimuli that are heard, for example when a group mate calls for the ball in rugby. Auditable stimuli are heard and processed easier and faster if they are loud and clear. There are also irrelevant auditable stimuli such as crowd noise these will slow down the information processing model.Proprioception this is made up of three componentsEquilibrium this is an awareness of your body position and balance. We can tell if we are about to fall over and where we are in relation to objects. aggroup sports are more likely to have an uneven playing climb which means that your balance will have to be constantly alter as you are running. But in individual and racquet sports the playing surface is fairly constant with the exception of golf, where a stance whitethorn have to be altered to ad middling to the surface.Kinaesthesis this is where the body senses the ponderousness movement and contraction it is sometimes known as tendon memory. It is if the movement feels right to the performer. It is developed through practice and experience one example would be a conversion kick in rugby the player may take there step away from the ball in the same way they usually do but they may just feel that they are non in the right p lace. It doesnt throw as lots in team games as in individual and racquet sports apart from set plays.Tactile sense this is the feeling of military press this is important for all sports. It can be affected be the persist conditions because cold weather affects our ability to feel effectively.The short term sensory store is where all information is stored for a split second in front it is processed. All relevant and irrelevant information is stored in here before it is replaced and lost. This does not differ between sports only what enters it does.The perception stage is where all the information that has come from the short term sensory store is processed. This is when irrelevant information is thrown away and useful stimuli such as where the ball is, is kept to make a decision and stored in the STM. This will vary between individual, racquet and team sports because of the amount of stimuli. In team sports there are more stimuli so it takes longer to sort through whereas there a re relatively small amounts of stimuli in individual sports so it wont take as long to sort them out. It also differs depending upon whether the performer is experienced or not as it will be easier for a expert to sort through the stimuli because they have more experience. We sort through the stimuli with selective attention and take only the important pieces of information because only around 7-10 pieces of information can be stored in the STM.The information passed on from the perception stage is then stored in the STM. Because only 7-10 pieces of information can be stored an experienced player may chunk information together so that the position of all players is one piece, but a don may not be able to do this so to each one player may be a separate piece. Team sports would be much more affected because of the amount of information so not all stimuli can be stored so a poor decision may be made but slight poor decisions will be made in an individual or racquet sport because th ere is less information.The LTM holds information on movement patterns and the results of development them in certain situations and can hold them for a lifetime. Team sports have many memories but individual sports may have less.The decision fashioning process is where whats happening now (in the short term memory) with what has happened previously (in the long term memory). In the LTM the performer will be looking for similar situations and actions and their outcomes. This makes team games decision making process a lot longer because of the vast amount of information and possible actions to take. Whereas in an individual sport there is much less information and less possible actions.The motor output is the performance of the chosen skill. One example may be for a badminton player to put in a drop shot because the opponent is at the back of the court. The action is referred to the muscle movement in the LTM. The action and its consequences are then stored in the long term memory for future reference.Individual sports, because they are individually paced, make them the simplest in the IP model. Also because there are fewer stimuli there is a shorter reaction time which gives the performer more time to stretch out the IP model which should result in a reform decision.Racquet sports are externally paced due to the fact that there is an opponent this means that there is less time for the performer to react. There are some irrelevant stimuli which will slow down the IP model which means it takes longer to decide than in an individual sport but not as long as in a team sport because there are fewer possibilities for what action to take.Team sports are externally paced which reduces the time available to react. Also there are much more irrelevant stimuli in team sports, this will lengthen the IP. The IP will also be lengthened due to the complexity of some team games because there are more situations and possible responses to choose from.Bibliography move PE f or Edexcel Heinemann by F. Galligan et al.