Jonas Salk :: essays research papers

Jonas Salk was born in brisk York City. His parents were Russian-Jewish immigrants who, although they themselves lacked formal education, were determined to see their children succeed, and encouraged them to study hard. Jonas Salk was the first element of his family to go to college. He entered the City College of New York intending to study law, but before long became intrigued by medical science. While attending medical school at New York University, Salk was invited to spend a year researching ininfluenzaenza. The computer virus that causes flu had only recently been discovered and the young Salk was eager to learn if the virus could be deprived of its aptitude to infect, while still giving immunity to the illness. Salk succeeded in this attempt, which became the basis of his later work on polio. After completing medical school and his internship, Salk returned to the study of influenza, the flu virus. World War II had begun, and public health experts feared a action replay of the flu epidemic that had killed millions in the wake of the First World War. The development of vaccinums controlled the blossom of flu after the war and the epidemic of 1919 did not recur. In 1947, Salk authoritative an appointment to the University Of Pittsburgh Medical School. While working there, with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Salk truism an opportunity to develop a vaccine against polio, and devoted himself to this work for the conterminous eight years. In 1955 Salks years of research paid off. Human trials of the polio vaccine effectively protected the subject from the polio virus. When news of the discovery was do public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a miracle worker. He further endeared himself to the public by refusing to patent the vaccine. He had no desire to profit personally from the discovery, but merely wished to see the vaccine disseminated as widely as possible. Salks vaccine was placid of killed polio virus, which retained the ability to immunize without running the risk of infecting the patient. A few years later, a vaccine made from stand up polio virus was developed, which could be administered orally, while Salks vaccine required injection. Further, there was some secernate that the killed vaccine failed to completely immunize the patient. In the U.S., public health authorities elect to distribute the live oral vaccine instead of Salks. Tragically, the preparation of live virus infected some patients with the disease, rather than immunizing them.Jonas Salk essays research papersJonas Salk was born in New York City. His parents were Russian-Jewish immigrants who, although they themselves lacked formal education, were determined to see their children succeed, and encouraged them to study hard. Jonas Salk was the first member of his family to go to college. He entered the City College of New York intending to study law, but soon became intrigued by medical science. While attending medical scho ol at New York University, Salk was invited to spend a year researching influenza. The virus that causes flu had only recently been discovered and the young Salk was eager to learn if the virus could be deprived of its ability to infect, while still giving immunity to the illness. Salk succeeded in this attempt, which became the basis of his later work on polio. After completing medical school and his internship, Salk returned to the study of influenza, the flu virus. World War II had begun, and public health experts feared a replay of the flu epidemic that had killed millions in the wake of the First World War. The development of vaccines controlled the spread of flu after the war and the epidemic of 1919 did not recur. In 1947, Salk accepted an appointment to the University Of Pittsburgh Medical School. While working there, with the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, Salk saw an opportunity to develop a vaccine against polio, and devoted himself to this work for the next eight years. In 1955 Salks years of research paid off. Human trials of the polio vaccine effectively protected the subject from the polio virus. When news of the discovery was made public on April 12, 1955, Salk was hailed as a miracle worker. He further endeared himself to the public by refusing to patent the vaccine. He had no desire to profit personally from the discovery, but merely wished to see the vaccine disseminated as widely as possible. Salks vaccine was composed of killed polio virus, which retained the ability to immunize without running the risk of infecting the patient. A few years later, a vaccine made from live polio virus was developed, which could be administered orally, while Salks vaccine required injection. Further, there was some evidence that the killed vaccine failed to completely immunize the patient. In the U.S., public health authorities elected to distribute the live oral vaccine instead of Salks. Tragically, the preparation of live virus infected some patients with the disease, rather than immunizing them.

Rose Madder :: essays research papers

Rose MadderThe setting of Rose Madder begins in a metropolis called Portside but it does not say which state. Rose then rides a bus 800 miles to some large mid-western city. By some of the details in the story and the dialect, a good guess of the time era is any where from the 1980s to the late 1990s.The characters in Rose Madder are Rose McClendon Daniels a women who was married and abuse by her husband for nearly 14 years and Norman Daniels a crazy cop who is in pursuit of his wife Rosie. Bill Steiner is the guy that Rosie buys the take to from and they also fall in love, Anna Stevenson is the owner of the Daughters and Sisters organization that helps women coming proscribed of abusive relationships. Peter Slowik is Anna Stevensons ex-husband who tells Rosie to go to the Daughters and Sisters place and he is later on killed by Norman. Rose Madder is the woman in the picture that Rosie bought, and Mr. Lefferts is a man who gives Rosie a job reading books for a Books on Tape go with.First, Rose Daniels is sitting at home reading a romance novel, when all of a sudden her husband, Norman, walks in and starts beating her. Rose was pregnant at the time and, as a consequence of Normans beating, she has a miscarriage. After that she goes to bed, but when she wakes up in the morning and there was a single drop of line of business on her pillow. That one single drop made her realize how abusive her life would be if she did not devote Norman. So she planned how she was going to leave without Norman catching her. She took the credit card he had left on the counter and then she ran out the door. Eventually she came to the bus station. She traveled on a bus 800 miles away from her home. When she arrived there was a travelers aid with a friendly looking man standing there. The mans stimulate was Peter Slowik and he worked to help women who have been abused in some way. She told him her story and he told her to go to the Daughters and Sisters house, which was a plac e for women who have just gotten out of an abusive relationship to say at for awhile. So she leaves and goes to the house and they let her in and she meets the owner, Anna Stevenson.

Young Goodman Brown :: essays research papers

In Young Goodman brown, Hawthorne makes the reader believe that Goodman Brown has learned that truth about the world and how evil it really is. In the myth the accounts of Goodman Brown let you believe that he has truly seen the evil in the world and knows what lurks behind everybody masks. He makes you realize that even though the person may look holy and religious that evilness is all around us and most slew will never ever find out the truth. The compositors case Young Goodman Brown written by Nathaniel Hawthorne finds many issues of evil concerning the towns people in which he lives, about himself, and the reality behind the evil.In the story Young Goodman Brown Goodman Brown learns about evil in the towns people and how what he thought was the truth is really not. When Goodman Brown starts his voyage he knew what he was going in the woods to do, what he didnt realize is that the same reason he went to the woods was the same reason as the towns people. When Goodman encounte rs Goody Cloyse in the woods he is shocked that he sees her out there A marvel, truly, that Goody Cloyse should be so far in the wilderness at night fall.(Hawthorne 98) When he learns of her travels and of how she is acquainted with the old man he is in disbelieve that a women that taught him religion is evil. When Goody asks the old man for a hand to take her to a communion he offers her cane and throws it pull down when it hits the ground it turns alive and Goody Close disappears. Leading you to believe that she is just an imagination to get Brown to believe in the evil. Goodman Brown also sees another(prenominal) towns members in the woods such as highly respected people such as Deacon Gookin, and even his wife Faith. When Brown learns of Faith combat-ready in this gathering in the woods he is distraught he loses his mind and goes crazy. Goodman brown learns valuable lessons in the woods about his town and the people and about the world. His journey changed the way he looked a t things when he awoke from that night his feelings towards the people changed he believed that everybody is evil.Goodman Brown learns many things about himself when he takes that journey into the woods, among many if his faith.

Essay Considering Gertrude of Shakespeares Hamlet -- GCSE English Lit

Gertrude of village In Hamlet, Gertrude is a woman who means no harm but whose silly judgment contributes greatly to the terrible events that occur. There are only two female characters in the play, and neither one--Gertrude or Ophelia--is assertive. But the decisions Gertrude does make eventually spark advance to her death and the downfall of others as well. We first realize in Act I, Scene 2 that poor judgment is her major character flaw. As the beat of a grieving parole, Gertrude should have been more sensitive to Hamlets feelings. Instead, less than two months after King Hamlets death, Gertrude remarries Claudius, her dead husbands own brother. Gertrude should have realized how humiliated Hamlet would feel as a result, because at that time it was considered incestuous for a widow to marry her husbands brother. There is also jealousy on the part of a son, who feels that his mother should be giving him more attention during the mourning period. Gertrude is not in touch with her own sons feelings to see why he is angry. Hamlet expresses this vitiate during his first soliloquy O, most wicked speed, to postWith such dexterity to incestuous sheets (I.ii 156-157) Gertrude is shown to be a loving mother but a reboot who cannot read into her sonss behavior. When answering Hamlet, she says that it is common for all men to die, but this is not just any man who has died, she should realize its Hamlets own father Also, when Gertrude asks Hamlet If it be,why seems it so particular with thee? (I.ii 74-75) she means to calm him down, but the word seems only makes Hamlet more suspicious. She fails to realize that in his sensitive mood, the word seems will lapse Hamlet the ... ... him But she finally has to admit to herself that Claudius is guilty of murdering old Hamlet and of trying to murder Hamlet. When she warns Hamlet not to drink the wine, she again is showing forbearance for her son and her wish to protect him from danger. In other words, the plays last scene summarizes Gertrudes two sides. As a mother, she means well and does have concern for her son but her bad decisions and failure to judge people correctly are a major cause of the tragedy. If Gertrude had been a different kind of person, many of the deaths mightiness not have happened. List of Works Cited Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York, 1965.Cohen, Michael. Hamlet in My Minds Eye. Athens (Georgia), 1980.Coyle, Martin, ed. New Casebooks Hamlet. New York, 1992.King, Walter N. Hamlets Search for Meaning. Athens (Georgia), 1982-.

Henry Clay :: essays research papers

the Great Compromiser was born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia. He was born to John Clay, a minister. His mother Elizabeth Hudson was After studying for the bar with the eminent George Wythe, Clay, at the age of 20, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he developed a thriving practice. He was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm both sexes with his easy, attractive manner. That he loved to drink and gamble was no drawback in an age that admire both vices. Clay, ambitious for worldly success, married into a wealthy and socially prominent family and soon gained entry into Kentuckys most influential circles. While still in his 20s, he was elected to the state legislature, in which he served for six years, until 1809.     Clay established his great reputation in the United States House of Representatives, where he served intermittently from 1811 to 1825. In his first term, he became one and only(a) of the leading &qu otWar Hawks"the young men whose clamor for hostilities with England helped bring about the War of 1812. Clay was selected as one of the commissioners who in 1814 negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, ending that war.      In 1820-21 it was Clay above all who engineered the Missouri Compromise, quieting the harsh controversy that had erupted by maintaining an equal balance between palliate and slave states. Although he himself was a slave owner, Clays views on slaveryas on most other issueswere moderate. He was thus able to command the verify of men fearful of extremism.In the presidential election of 1824, after his own candidacy had failed, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams, whom the House early in 1825 elected as the sixth president. When Adams named Clay secretary of state, his Jacksonian opponents charged "corrupt bargain" The charge was unfair, but Clay was haunted by it throughout his subsequent career.     Although Cla y was a practical politician of flexible rather than rigid beliefs, he did emerge as the great champion of the "American System." He called for a safety-related tariff in support of home manufactures, internal improvements ( national aid to local road and canal projects), a strong national bank, and distribution of the proceeds of federal land sales to the states.Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1831, Clay served in that body until 1842 and again from 1849 until his death. In 1833 he devised a compromise tariff that resolved the crisis brought on by South Carolinas attempt to "nullify" the prevailing tariff set by Congress.

Henry Clay :: essays research papers

Clay was born on April 12, 1777, in Hanover County, Virginia. He was born to John Clay, a minister. His mother Elizabeth Hudson was After studying for the bar with the eminent George Wythe, Clay, at the age of 20, moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he developed a thriving practice. He was blessed with a quick mind, a flair for oratory, and an ability to charm some(prenominal) sexes with his easy, attractive manner. That he loved to drink and gamble was no drawback in an age that admired both vices. Clay, ambitious for worldly success, married into a sozzled and socially prominent family and soon gained entry into Kentuckys most influential circles. While still in his 20s, he was elected to the state legislature, in which he served for half dozen years, until 1809.     Clay established his great reputation in the United States House of Representatives, where he served intermittently from 1811 to 1825. In his first term, he became one of the leading " conte nd Hawks"the young men whose clamor for hostilities with England helped bring about the War of 1812. Clay was selected as one of the commissioners who in 1814 negotiated the Treaty of Ghent, ending that war.      In 1820-21 it was Clay supra all who engineered the Missouri Compromise, quieting the harsh controversy that had erupted by maintaining an equal balance between free and slave states. Although he himself was a slave holder, Clays views on slaveholdingas on most other issueswere moderate. He was thus able to command the support of men fearful of extremism.In the presidential election of 1824, after his own candidacy had failed, Clay threw his support to John Quincy Adams, whom the House early in 1825 elected as the sixth president. When Adams named Clay secretary of state, his Jacksonian opponents charged " foul bargain" The charge was unfair, but Clay was haunted by it throughout his subsequent career.     Although Clay w as a practical politician of flexible rather than wet beliefs, he did emerge as the great champion of the "American System." He called for a protective tariff in support of home manufactures, internal improvements (federal countenance to local road and canal projects), a strong national bank, and distribution of the proceeds of federal land sales to the states.Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1831, Clay served in that automobile trunk until 1842 and again from 1849 until his death. In 1833 he devised a compromise tariff that resolved the crisis brought on by South Carolinas attempt to "nullify" the prevailing tariff grade by Congress.

Business and Research Project Essay

JC Penny has been running successfully for close to 90 years. Most entrepreneurs and managers face the same dilemmas at times. The choices one makes are the basis for his or her company success. The CEO of JC Penny Ron Johnson was faced with many management dilemmas. The premier of many dilemmas that Ron Johnson was faced with was to innovate or conserve JC Penny. Innovation is important, but one should too focus on new applications and new markets as well. However, the revenues of innovations are in the future. One needs also to get the maximum out of ones current business. According an article published by Forbes Ron Johnson did not try and solving the real task with JC Penny. Sales fell some 25%. The stock dropped 50% He spent lavishly stressful to remake the mark off.He modernized the logo, upped the TV ad spend, spruced up submits and implemented a more consistent pricing strategy. But that all was designed to help JC Penney competes in traditional brick-and-mortar retail. Against traditional companies like Wal-Mart, Kohls, Sears, etc (Hartung, 2014). If the draw or manager does not invest there comes a time when the current business declines without new innovation to take over JC Penny revenues. If a manager invests too much, it may end up endangering the continuity of the current business. According to Joshua Kennon J.C. Penney saw sales fall from $19.903 billion in 2007 to $12.985 billion in 2013.This caused the firm to go from a pre-tax profit of $1.792 billion to pre-tax losses of $1.536 billion, a staggering swing of $3.328 billion. Dividends were slashed, book value destroyed. There were rumors the company was surviving by pushing payable bills and hoarding cash (Kennon, 2013).The purpose of learning team Cs research is to identify the most important factors to customers that are considering shop at J.C. Penney. This statement speaks to the researchers attention and states goal or objective of the research. This statement ordain evaluate erro rs that were made J.C.Pennys natural elevation management, putting the company into a very vulnerable predicament with the core customers. The factors that will be considered are directly associated with management errors such as read what shoppers want- coupons, sales price/clearance itemsNot testing the ideas in advance- assuming the culture was the same as other companies Alienated the core customersMisreading the JC Penney brandNot respecting the JC Penney company overallFrom these errors the team will provide research questions to include in the paper, gather the information the is related to the customer most novel shopping experience with the company to develop a proposed research plan to address the most management dilemmas.Draft of Research QuestionsLearning team C intends to research the reasons J.C. Penney had a decline in customer core base and sales which almost led to the demise of the company. This research will be conducted via check out with the intent of possibl y salvaging the creditability of the company. Our learning will provide take afters to adults that have shopped J.C. Penny either online or in the store within the last two years. The survey questions used would supply management with opportunities to test potential marketing strategies to revive sales and retain the companys initial core customer base. LTC will provide the following questions to gather data for research in the surveyWhat is the age group/gender of the participantHow far from home will he or she be willing to drive to the storeWhat is the importance of coupons and sales price/clearance itemsHow frequent does the participant shop online or in the storeHow important is the brand name that is provided by the companyHow important is the atmosphere of the store (i.e. Arizona, IZOD, Dockers, etc)How important is the culture of store (i.e. is food courts or specialty boutiques important) by and by compiling a more precise list of question to provide for the survey, we wi ll rank the factors from least to greatest importance to determine thedecision do process for J.C. Penney current dilemma.ConclusionEventually, JC Penny did fire Ron Johnson and rehired the previous CEO Mike Ullman, who stills faces big challenges. JC Penny has posted sales drops and losses in its first three quarters. As JC Penny attempts to recover from its dilemmas from the period in which it alienated consumers, and infuriated its employees, its new CEO Mike Ullman, is making headway in trying to purge corporate ranks and bring the customers back to shopping at JC Penny. In business leaders or managers all face some challenges that if left unaddressed such as JC Penny dilemma can massively affect the business. The good news is that there is now a solution in go in to help JC Penny return to being successful.ReferencesHartung, A. (2014). Two Wrongs Wont Fix JC Penney. Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cwe/citation_generator/web_01_01.asp Kennon, J. (2013). T he Collapse of J.C. Penney What Caused It and Can It Be Fixed?. Retrieved from http//www.joshuakennon.com/the-collapse-of-jc-penney-what-caused-it-and-can-it-be-fixed/

Illy coffee Essay

Is one of the ten best companies in the cocoa industriousness in Europe. It was founded in1933 by Francesco Illy, and in 1994 was given everyplace to Andrea Illy. Since its formation, Illy Caffes main goal was to deliver the best whole step coffee to its customers. Th e lodge wascareful when choosing its suppliers and always made sure it receives the best quality coffeebeans. However, after the last CEO has joined the company in 1994, Illy Caffe decided to changeits strategy and to become more responsible in the area of its business.The circumstances, whichthe coffee effort appeared to be under in 1989, was the first step toward the strategic changesmade in some companies, like Illy Caffe. Now, Illy Caffe buys highest-quality Arabica beansdirectly from Brazil, Central America, India, and Africa. The company has restructured itssupply chain completely, and has brought many innovations into the coffee industry in Brazil,making it the exporter of the best-quality coffee beans growe r and producer in the world.Thefollowing paper aims at analyzing the changes made in Illy Caffe in 1989 and identifying the key issues and their potential solutions in the companys new strategy.Changes in Illy Caffes supply chain describes the strategy and its benefits In 1989 IllyCaffes management decided to change its supply chain from a symmetric one to adirect purchasing. The quality of the coffee played a significant role in Illy Caffes business.Companys CEO and managers believed that coffee loses its quality after deprivation th rough differentstages in the supply process.They believed that the more intermediaries they would have, theworse would be the quality of their coffee. Therefore, changing this situation through refusing tohave a single intermediary appeared to be the about appropriate thing to do. Illy Caffe became thefirst company in the coffee industry, which started buying directly from farmers. In return tohigh premiums, company expected toreceive higher quality coffee beans from Braziliangrowers.Brazil was the largest producer of coffee at that time, however, had poor reputationbecause of the bad quality of their products. Illy Caffe was aware of the situation in Brazil,however, it could find required amount of growers only in that country.The company, therefore,decided to teach Brazilian farmers, how to become its suppliers. Since Illy Caffe was good atinnovation throughout its existence, it found a good way to attract coffee growers (not only fromBrazil but from all all over the world) and to make them produce higher-quality coffee. The Illycaffe Brazil Quality Espresso Coffee Award was designed in order to find companys potential suppliers among the farmers from Brazil.The main subject of this project was to create afeeling of mutual benefit from the partnership and to motivate growers to start producing higher-quality goods. Getting an award and winning a competition meant receiving a good opportunityfor the company in the future.Th e project became very successful, and hundreds of Brazilian farmers were accepted toparticipate in it. Illy Caffe succeeded in finding good producers and to make them become even better through selecting them among early(a) participants to become companys long -term partners.Illy Caffe wanted to make sure its relationship with Brazilian partners would be strong and longlasting.

Arce Dairy Marketing Plan Essay

A. Product processThe company still has an edge compared to the otherwise grump cream industries, because they have retained their quality since then, together with categorization of flavours. Its not too late if they will expand more their business and will make more bm to increase their market share.BackgroundArce dairy is very proud of their high quality ice cream product. They strictly follow their tradition of using single fresh CARABAO MILK and other fresh ingredients in reservation their ice cream. Its ice cream was well-known for its creaminess, authentic flavours, and unique gold can boxqualities that remained throughout the years.Arce Dairy chicken feed flutter is made from fresh carabaos milk that has a richer and flavourful since they are exposed to the tropical condition which helps them evoke better milk. It is an advantage for the Arces since they own a 21 hectare dairy farm in Novaliches which is also the only large and the only private mercantile breede r of milking carabaos in the Philippines. Aside from their milk quality, they also have their fresh ingredients such as fruits, nuts, chocolates and cheese that are being stored on large chillers. long-term objectivesArce Dairy tend to branch out their product not just on large scale stores wish well, malls, supermarkets and etc., but also on small sell stores. Because it is more accessible and convenient that you can just easily buy the goods that you want in just a walking distant store. Arce Dairy scum ointment aims to provide the best all-natural ice cream products to consumers both here and abroad, provide good and natural quality products for the health conscious ones thereby improving the quality of life. Showing patriotism to its fellow Filipinos in patronizing Filipino-made products by manufacturing and marketing consistently high quality ice cream, thus, giving consumers added value for their money. Lastly, to meet in surpassing the global quality standard of becoming the source of pride for the Philippine Dairy Industry.Problems/OpportunitiesProblemsHow will Arce Dairy Ice Cream grapple in the ice cream industry and regain success using its untried brand name? Low market share, wherein, Arce Dairy Ice Cream belongs to the remaining 20% of the ice cream market. Poor promotional and distribution strategies.They should compete with the other ice cream industry, and will not stick on their captured market, they should expand their market. They should try branching out especially on small retail stores. They should put much effort on their promotional and advertising activities so people will notice the product.OpportunitiesPeoples acceptance to its new brand name.New Ice cream flavours offered.They could introduce new product telegraph wire using their fresh milk. Health and wellness campaigns encouraging people to go for the healthier choice. Social media network serving as effective vehicle in product promotion.Marketing ObjectivesIncrease sal esBrand Awareness/Exposure.Brand Image establishment.Marketing ProgramsArce Dairy must conduct surveys and increase it sales through the help of retail partners. Its sales must be compared to the sales projections to monitor the progress of their sales. The company must attain its projected sales or beyond it. Positioning StatementTarget MarketYuppies or young urban professionals. Health-conscious, self-indulgent young urban professionals or yuppies who have the money to lavishly choke on anything they want, and also who are fickle in choosing their brand choices, depending on what is trending or getting good reviews. 20-26 years old, class A-B, male and female, livingand operative in/around NCR.Product dodgeArce Dairy started from three generations. They produce different variety of flavours like Mango, Chocolate, Blueberry Cheesecake, Buko Lechias, Avocado, Quezo Real, Vanilla, Strawberry, Dark Chocolate, Cheese, Ube, Almonds and Chips and many more. Arce Dairy genuinely has th eir own farm where they get most of their fresh ingredients especially the CARABAO MILK which they use as base for their ice cream.Pricing outlineArce Dairy Ice Cream Container SizePrice range425 mlPhp 70.00 (classic)Php 80.00 (supreme)Php 108.00 (sugar-free)750 mlPhp 120.00 (classic)Php 205.00 (supreme)1.5 LPhp 228.00 (classic)Php 408.00 (supreme, sugar-free)Advertising strategyLaunch print ads that will capture the target markets attention. Execute an effective guerrilla ad that stays faithful to Arce Dairys new image. Release a TVC to be aired during primetime.Document the active guerrilla campaign and post it as a viral video. Use imagery that implies.NationalTrigger the curiosity of the target market and make them try the product. Promote Arce Dairys new sexy image.Cover up Arce Dairys local/low class image to people. Expose people to the brand.CooperativeTradePromotion strategySince Arce Dairy has no promotional straregies except on relying through wordof mouth strategy, the Unfortunately, Arce Dairy has almost NO promotion. Theyve produced no TV ad, very hardly a(prenominal) and unmemorable print ads. No promotional efforts are done, and they rely on word of mouth to get cutomers.Field sales strategyDistribution strategyProduct supportTraining RequirementsMarketing research4/5 of the people who are familiar with the brand Arce Dairy have claimed that its their preferent ice cream in the Philippines. Even though they have flavour favourites, they try the different flavours every now and then. Though they love Arce Dairy, they consume other brands more often because Arce Dairy is not visible(prenominal) on many local stores. But whenever there is Arce Dairy available, its their first choice. What they love nigh Arce Dairy is the consistency of the ice cream, the smooth creamy texture, and the mild sweetness of the flavours.Most of them found out about Arce Dairy first from personal references like friends, and relatives. Once they tasted Arce, it was immediately their new favourite ice cream. According to them, the price doesnt bother them, since the taste is worth the price they pay. They also mentioned that they wish Arce was available to more stores. 5/5 were NOT aware that Arce Dairy uses CARABAO MILK in their ice cream. 2/5 of the people who arent familiar with Arce Dairy said that their favourite brand of ice cream is Selecta (particularly Magnum)To the yuppies, quality of ice cream and product feedback is vital. If it hits home, they might actually stick to it. All they need is a good push to try the product.Financial summaryStrengthsMore expensive than other brands.Maintained a clean reputation for making quality ice cream, proven by several awards given to Arce Dairy. Arce Dairy ice cream is scientifically proven much healthier compared to leading ice cream brands. Has variety of unique ice cream flavours not available in other brands.WeaknessesHas very limited advertising/promotion materials, leading to unpopularity a mongst the masses. Product is poorly distributed, making it available to very limited stores and locations. Not top of the mind when asked about an ice cream product. Has a local image, therefore viewed as cheap.Performance HistoryArce feeds Corporation has been honored the Hall of Fame Award as Outstanding Ice Cream Manufacturer by the Consumers Union of the Philippines while ArceDairy Ice Cream has been awarded the 1999 Dangal Ng Bayan Outstanding Ice Cream Product and the New Millennium Excellence Award Most Outstanding Ice Cream Brand by the Parangal ng Bayan Awards Foundation. The ArceDairy type of ice cream, the all-natural ice cream, has captured the hearts of Manilanians through the decades of its uniqueness and its old fashioned manufacturing process. Tenacious requests from prominent clients, captive loyal followers and food connoisseurs, demand for its return.

Levels of the Managerial Communication Process Essay

Becoming a first time manager is an excellent goal and a great marker in a triple-crown c atomic number 18er. However it push aside also be a daunting task without a hardly a(prenominal) tips to ease you into you new responsibilities. With careful observation, planning and a few pieces of advice, a good manager can become great manager. An important trait m whatsoever great leaders have is being able to successfully communicate any pith to a wide variety of people. They also have the ability to transcend work groups, culture, situations and subject.. Being able to relate to polar direct reports is key to opening a two way pedigree of talk with a group. One of the first layers in successful chat is establishing an surroundings and culture that get alongs it. Allowing open communication amongst to each one other fosters a cohesive and united environment. A good way a manager can pay back that notion, would be to serve as the example. Walk around and meet with everyone in th e group.This allows the manager to be accessible to everyone and in turn the manager can make up to know the members of his or her group. Another suggestion would be to establish an open door policy. This ordain allow the flexibility to hold short clashs informally and encourage the flow of communication with each other. A good way to get to know the group better would be to setup a meeting with each individual. This allows a manager to get a back story on each group member, establish preferences in communication and find out if any cultural differences exist. This can also establish trust between a manager and an employee. Scheduling this meeting either bi-weekly or monthly allows the channel of communication between manager and subordinate to remain open. If at all possible, an important element in establishing an open environment is to physically setup the office in a way that allows for easy communication with each other.Having conference rooms available allows for group mee tings and also provides private areas if discussions are of a confidential nature. If allowed, declare into consideration the furniture used in the groups space. Tailor the furniture and office designs to your groups needs. If possible, equip rooms with teleconference equipment which allows for a virtual face-to-face with others in remote office either across the street or across the country. A second layer of successful communication is the interaction of sender to receiver. When speaking to groups or individuals, a manager should always maintain a steady emotion. Employees can well misinterpret the mood orcontent of the message if a manager is either too happy or too sad. A good sense of humor can diddle comfort or levity to a group or situation, however caution should be used.A joke or comment can be misinterpreted easily depending on the audience. A good rule of thumb would be to err on the side of caution until the manager gets to know the group thoroughly. Allowing for ques tions during or at the end of your message encourages two way communication. This allows the audience the freedom to ask for clarification if something isnt understood and also provides a venue for discussion. Possible issues can be resolved when more than one point of view are presented.A manager should also make themselves available after a meeting in case any questions comes up that did not want to be asked in a group setting or is of a confidential nature. The triplet layer of successful communication involves four elements that affect each other. Content (what is said), Channel (How its said), Environment (Where its said) and Time (When its said). It is important to abbreviate the content of your message to your audience. The come uping are short questions that a manager can ask themselves round each elementContentWhat is the message about?Who is the audience?What is the woodland of the message?Do you thoroughly know the subject matter?What level of detail should the messa ge include?ChannelWhat channels are available? (ex. voicemail, email, public or private meeting)? Will the contents of the message be fully understood using the channel chosen? Will the channel help or hurt if the message has a deadline? Is the channel chosen appropriate for the urgency level of the message? Is the channel chosen appropriate for the tone of the message?EnvironmentWhat locations or venues are available?Is the venue/location chosen appropriate for the message given? (ex. Technically capable)What setting is fitting for your message (ex. Formal or informal)? Who is the audience?How large is the audience?What is the confidentiality of the message?TimeHow urgent is the message?When is the best time to deliver this message?Does the message follow a timeline or deadline?How long should the message take?Along with these factors to follow, there are some errors to avoid. Focus your message strictly on facts to stay admittedly to the message at hand and avoid spinning a messa ge with opinions. Opinions are fine to state when and if asked by the audience, however a message spun on opinion will be evident quickly and can easily lose or disrupt an audience. Do not present the message in a manner that is not subject to change. Messages, like situations, can change at any given moment and may require some clarification. invariably prepare with a contingency plan to follow-up with changes if needed. Having prior knowledge of the subject matter will minimize any confusion when presenting the message and will better equip the manager in the event of any questions asked.The intent of the message can be greatly lost if the presenter looks uncomfortable or lost during the presentation. If at all possible, have someone with knowledge of the subject matter review any notes that will be used, or have them available for any follow-up questions afterwards. When it comes to communicating effectively, there is no one size, fits all approach to any message. Each communica tion instance requires a thorough digest of all the factors provided and presented accordingly to the audience. Mastering these tips will help on the road to managerial success.Works CitedHynes, Geraldine. Managerial Communication. New York McGraw Hill, 2011.Myatt, Mike. 10 Communication Secrets of Great Leaders. Forbes (2012) 12/6/2012 http//www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2012/04/04/10-communication-secrets-of-great-leaders/.

Title of your paper

It feels like such a long time since I last saw you. I bed Ive only been away for only a few weeks, but so far my vacation here at Greece has been enormous Im currently staying at the Academy.I nominate a friend who shares the same passion with me in philosophy and he asked me to come with him to this buns to meet other people. Im very glad to stay here, Ive conditioned a lot from various people.Anyways, yesterday I was walking along Agora or the city market and found some sincerely great stuffs to buy and take home. In this nates I found many people who are trading and talking approximately gossip (for women) and politics (for men). subsequently hours of walking, I was able to get to the Hephaisteion. I stayed for a while and witness the beauty of the temple.At noon, the heat at Athens is topnotch so I stayed at the Stoa for cover. There are two kinds of Stoa, the one I stayed at was the Painted Stoa. It is a long covered hall that is open in one perspective and is decorate d with many beautiful paintings.I spent almost an hour there and spent the whole time talking to people who get to engage in a conversation with me. Its really funny though for they will just come up to me and ask me something all of a sudden.I was so dumbstruck. At the dependable of Agora are the sacred places that can be found in the city like the Theatre of Dionysos, the Askelpieion, and most of all the Acropolis.After a while of roll around, my attention got caught by a group of man loudly arguing among one another. I happened to ask someone about whats going on and he told me that the male citizen are debating about big decisions that affect the city.This place that I got into was called the Pnyx, the home of the assembly of people. However, I want to go to some quiet place instead and got interested in following young children each carrying small vases. I noticed I was back at the entrance of the city which was the Karameikos for I used the potteries as a landmark.By the end of the day, I decided to spend my time at the cemetery and stayed there till sunset. The cemetery was great for it really depicts the culture of the Athenians with their pottery and carvings.But what interests me most is the peoples daily activities on the city. By what Ive observed, theyre almost routinary. Different kinds of people have specific type of jobs to finish each day. up to now before the day starts people can be seen from all over the place.I came to ask a man why he was up so early on and he said he had a trial and he have to prepare. Women get water from the fountains and traders are up for early trading. By mid-morning, servants are already working on their respective jobs. And by noon, the Agora and almost every plac ein Athens is so busy with people talking, doing business and many much.By mid afternoon, the place starts to quiet down and shops are preparing to close, this is my favorite part of the day in Athens for it is very peaceful and unleashing. And at last by midnight, servants start to relax and even play games with their friends.I somehow got used to the busy and loud environment here at Greece. Though Im not quite used to talking about politics all the time, or even some serious or religious topics like religion and life. Athens is a very economic center on city and almost all people has something to trade and has something to offer as livelihood. All over Greece, the people grew olives, grapes, and figs. They kept goats, for milk and cheese. In the plains, where the soil was more rich, they also grew wheat to make bread. Making it smell like a combination of vegetables and farm animals at the same time.I really liked it here so far. I wanted to explore the city more but I guess need to have more time. Nevertheless, today I was invited to go to a friends house and spend the night there. Im gonna have to take a look at a Greek house and be amazed once again.Ill save to you again very soon. Take care always. See you

China vs. american economy

Chinas economy will become the biggest in the world sometime very soon. According to the World Bank, the size of Chinas economy is $10. 1 trillion, compared with $14. 6 trillion for the U. S. , based on purchasing power parity (which adjusts exchange rates to account for the different prices people pay for goods and services across countries). simply China is narrowing the gap in a hurry. Over the past 10 years, the annual real growth of Chinas gross domestic product averaged 10. 5 percent, compared with 1. ercent in the U. S. The Chinese economy increased at an annual rate of 9. 6 percent in the first half of 2011, vs. a rate of little than 1 percent in the U. S. Americas days as top dog of global output are numbered, at best. Should we care? People from Thomas Friedman to Niall Ferguson asseverate the looming change at the top of the world economic rankings as a bellwether of broader American decline. We are the United States of Deferred Maintenance. China is the Peoples Republi c of Deferred Gratification. They save, invest, and build.We spend, orrow, and patch, complained Friedman in a juvenile New York Times column. And yet having the worlds largest economy isnt all its cracked up to beand you need look no further than the history of China and the U. S. to analyze that. The swelling size of Chinas economy may be a source of pride to the Chinese people, but America is still by far the amend place to liveand will remain so for a long time. Although economists are skeptical about Chinas ability to sustain its current levels of growth, most check into it is only a matter of a few years before the Middle Kingdoms

Saving Private Ryan Сoursework

Saving Private Ryan is an academy award winning film set during the time of D-Day invasion in World warf be 2. It was do in 1998 and was directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Robert Rodat. It was a very successful film and won 5 Oscars. Spielberg has made this film to render the hearing feel the essence of war and the effects behind it. Spielberg too focussed on making it more realistic and to make the audience a part of the movie. The film is notable for its opening 24 minutes as it contains high level intensity, which depicts the Omaha beachhead assault, June 6, 1944.In this essay I lead be looking at how Spielberg uses presentational devices to create chaos and realism at all times. Saving Private Ryan begins with a single brass instrument contend a slow melchonly grievous which gradually builds up to orchestral music. This sounds like the last stand and is reminiscent of funerals. The American flag is shown waving with light shinning with it representing patriotism , power and pride. Then a medium shot is employ on an old man as he is base on balls towards the cemetery, in search of something, with his family walking behind him and looking at him.Then a series of establishing shots show the background imagination and a lot of crosses. The crosses ar white, (symbolising innocence and purity) and argon in lines as if spends are standing there. The camera then slowly zooms into the mans face as he has fallen to the ground, weeping beside the place he was searching for. This shows his feelings of unhappiness and shows that he is upset. This also makes the audience question, why is he in that state of matter of emotion. The music also adds tension to the atmosphere.The sound then switches to waves and bombings as the film heads into the nigh scene. This scene shows a connection between the mans face, the graveyard and D-Day. It also builds tension, which is slowly portrayed with an emotional atmosphere. The next scene begins with the sound o f waves crashing against Higgins boats which are taking American soldiers towards the beaches of Normandy. The audience have already been told that this action is set on June 6, 1944, the date of the d-day landings. A close up of a soldiers shaking hand is shown as he takes a drink from his water bottle.The audience whitethorn feel that he is scared, reversing the model of a typical war hero. Other closes up shots of soldiers are shown to recruit briefly the characters who will be important later in the film. The sound of soldiers vomiting and of orders organism given can be heard going off. This makes the audience feel nervous on the soldiers behalf. As the doors of the boats open the audience are confronted immediately with the deaths of the soldiers. Some men slip under water to escape the shelling and the camera follows.The sound changes as the audience see men being shot, or drowned under the weight of their own packs. An all over the shoulder shot is use to show the German armies power and control as they are barb the men. As the main character, Tom Hanks, makes his way through the beach, he goes into a state of shock as he witnesses the carnage around him. A medium shot is used to show a man searching for his arm, which has been blown off. A long shot shows the deaths of several men who are on fire. The colour of the fire stands out against the dull colours of the scene.The fact that Tom Hanks character is in a state of shock reinforces the image of a non-typical war hero. The following scene begins with a medium shot on Tom Hanks as he is brought back into reality. He looks around and sees carnage all over and soldiers shooting at each other. Then a long shot is used showing the imagery in the background and the essence of war. Soon after the soldiers are shown heading towards the beach, trying to generate close to the Germans. This is shown in an extreme long shot which also shows the impact of them heading there and everything that was happeni ng at the time.A medium shot is used as Captain Miller is dragging another soldier who is in pain and in desperate need of help. At this point the scene is put into slow motion as a deafening sound is played. This makes the audience feel shocked and on edge as the scene is put into slow motion. The director wants the audience to know that despite war striking the American soldiers, they have not lost hope and courage and they are persevering with the circumstance. This shows that the Americans will continue to work with each other and try and put out victorious against the opposing Germans.The war is then shown in several different long shots to show the chaos because of the war and to show the soldiers trying to seek asylum as some of the soldiers are in pain and agony. The close ups shows the emotions, feelings and the fear that they are having. We also see action from the Germans point of view as an over the shoulder shot is used to show the Germans advantage of shooting down at the Americans and trying to kill them. This is included to show the audience how the Germans are in control and when all the action is happening, the camera shakes, to make them feel the action.Soon after high angle shots are used to show medics on the field of study trying to help the wounded men. Everyone is helpless as blood is scattered on the camera. The director chooses to add this to make it more realistic and exaggerated shots of soldiers being blown into pieces adds to this. Later, the Americans try to climb up the pitcher to shoot gunfire at the opposing soldiers at the top shooting down at them. Panning is used to show the audience what war would be like as if they were there and it makes them feel that they are involved in the action.As the American soldiers are acquiring into position a handheld camera is brought in to, again show the essence of war. As one soldier gets around to the side of the hill to get an accurate aim at the Germans shooting down, an extreme c lose up shot is used to show the level of concentration that he is using in killing the Germans. The soldier aims at the Germans and recites some prayers as he tries to get an accurate shot. He takes a deep breath before pulling the elicitation of his gun and killing them.Throughout this scene, a handheld camera and panning is used as Spielberg wanted the audience to feel as part of the movie. The shooting continues in the next scene as the Americans appear to be in control. This is because they are running up the hill as the Germans at the top off the hill are still falling down. This is displayed using a medium shot. Soldiers are shown running towards their trenches in a long shot, showing that they are striving and are need of help in order to win the war despite the fact that they can now go to the top of the hill with decreased trouble from before.This shows that they are cooperating and are working together to defeat the Germans. This symbolises to the audience that there is a ray of hope for the Americans winning. Later, German prisoners are shown being shot, as they are trying to surrender because they know that they have lost. This is shown from a medium close up angle and then is zoomed in as a close up shot so that the audience can see the agony the Germans are facing, as they are getting shot. The Americans are shown getting revenge by shooting and killing the prisoners.Spielberg chose to add this so that he could make the audience either sympathise with the Germans or feel relief and satisfaction because the allied forces are proving to be dominant at this point. Soon after screams can be heard as there are large explosions being given off, fire is everywhere burning soldiers and machine guns firing. It was carnage. The tables are turned when we see the Americans in total dominance as they begin to shoot at the German soldiers as they are shown dying and suffering. Then we see a soldier collecting sand and dust of the ground.He is holding 3 silv er tins, and is filling one of them. These tins may represent three countries where he has possibly been to war at as they were labelled, Italy, Africa and France. This man is probably collecting this sand as a memorial and a remembrance to the war. One soldier is shown weeping over the death of hi fellow soldiers. He also possesses a Hitler youth knife, which could be important to him. As the scene heads for an end we see Tom Hanks in an extreme zoom in on his eyes showing his emotions as dramatic music begins to play.The employment field is shown in extreme long shots as the audience can see the devastation on it. The audience see the dead bodies scattered everywhere on the beach, with some being washed away by the shore. The scene ends with the camera zooming into Private Ryans backpack. Saving Private Ryan is undoubtedly one of the best movies made on the d-day invasion. Spielberg clearly shows the essence of the war and has made the audience feel how war would be. The film is well known around the world and it is truly epic.It is sententious to the point and the opening 24 minutes reflect on how excellent the movie is, as there is a lot of intensity. This is why it has won so many awards and nominations, topping them with 5 Oscars. Overall I think Saving Private Ryan is a great movie and Spielberg has used a wide orbital cavity of camera shots and angles to get his message across to people and that is why Spielberg has been very successful with it. Spielberg clearly used a variety of presentational devices and has produced an authentic movie, which will be remembered for a long time.

Business System Integration and Consultancy

Abstract Customer relationship mission ( CRM ) is a combination of wad, appendages and engineering that seeks to understand a company s customers.The efficiency Business System Integration and Consultancy was one I had been looking forwards to of all time since I decided to fall in the secern. The chance of holding existent cartridge experience of being a adviser and send offing pop expose a confinement was truly appealing. Over the class of the faculty, the mixed facets of consultancy and parturiency capital punishment were introduced under the umbrella of a consultancy undertaking. My essay covers the versatile phases that I went done as a portion of my group, the alterations I would do if I were to travel through the procedure conventionerly more and the accomplishments I gained by undergoing the faculty.The essay is loosely divided into two subdivisions. The first subdivision covers the procedure of organization consolidation I would go afterward. This cover s the phases like Request for Information and Request for Proposal which covers the execution scheme. The second subdivision high spots the personal acquisition.THE PROCESS OF SYSTEM INTEGRATIONThe faculty took us through assorted phases of carcass integrating get downing from the leaf node seting up petition for learning. If the procedure was to be repeated, thither is a serial publication of alterations and betterments that could be incorporated into the same. These have been detailed below.The Request for Information ( RFI )S Daellenbach and Sally J Davenport suggest that organisations enter into alinement based on properties of organisation and its representatives instead than the property of the future confederation relationship ( Establishing Trust during the Formation of Technology Alliances , Journal of Technology Transfer, 29 ( 2 ) , 2004187 ) . The RFI phase is the political platform to establish the clients the credibleness and eligibility of the company in taking u p the undertaking ( mention of where you got the info from ) . It is of substance to affect the client demo them that you have the capableness and alike set up trust. For this it is indispensable to demo partnership by seting the logo of Aluxtel and ICG together. The presentation would cover the accomplishments, the strengths, the attend tos offered and relevant experience of ICG in the rustic of client demand. It would besides showcase the of import old and current partnerships of the company for this I would utilize countersign of the spouse companies. The presentation should non give so much information that the client misses the indispensable passs. ICG ab initio had 19 slides which were cut down to 14 during the RFI phase. Another facet I would constitute otherwise, was sing an question by the client about employee turnover ratio. ICG had divulged that information to Aluxtel but I subsequently found out that such inside informations are seldom let out by a company and about neer during RFI phase. Meeting with the client is besides a really important facet. Survey by Katz and Kahn suggest that idea of trust is likely to be based ab initio on the interpersonal interactions ( 1978 ) . It is hence of import to involve the psychological contracts with the client.The Request for Proposal ( RFP )This phase required us to showcase the program to turn to the client s demand. The important facet to this was to pull out the right information from the client through the series of meetings we had. The process adopted consisted of three stairss analysing the organisation & A understanding demands, explicating execution scheme and measuring the undertaking execution.Procedure and TechnologyMeasure 1 Analyzing organisation & A Understanding RequirementsThe key to acquiring information from the clients as pointed by the faculty leaders is to inquire an unfastened ended inquiry which leaves the client to speak more than you. The potent direction of informa tion has a important function to play in CRM. Information is critical for merchandise tailoring, service invention, amalgamate positions of clients, and ciphering client life-time value ( Peppard, 2000 ) . The initial negotiations were non really fruitful, due to inexperience and nervousnesss. The attendant meetings yielded more information the last meeting had been more focussed in footings of the inquiries and yielded specific concerns of the client sing cost drop and organisational restructuring. This helped ICG modify the program to run into the client s specific involvements. The information was used to transport out analysis utilizing techniques like SWOT analysis, stakeholder analysis and plague analysis. I would follow this as it greatly helped in analysing the consequence of the undertaking on assorted facets of the organisation.Measure 2 Execution SchemeThe scheme should provide to three school principal facets viz. people, procedure and engineering.The thought is that a new procedure is to be designed by integrating engineering to give the company the competitory advantage. The focal point nevertheless needs to be on the demands of the company and non engineering. Technology should ever be the facilitator. This fact is confirmed by Rigby and Ledingham who say that directors should non be flurry by the CRM package but should concentrate on what demands it should provide to ( 2004 ) . I steadfastly adhere to this school of idea and believe that doing engineering the chief drive force behind determinations tail do concerns to get focal point on their nucleus competences, unless the nucleus competence is engineering itself.The chief facet to be considered in the guinea pig of Aluxtel is the presence of silo systems. Migrating the information into a individual database would greatly cut down tender clip and better client satisfaction. However this should non impact the normal concern operations. Bearing these factors in take a information migra tion program has to be devised. The information migration would besides function as an chance to transport out informations cleansing. In 2001, Gartner analysts Scott Nelson and Jennifer Kirkby reported that disregarding informations quality is the figure one ground for CRM undertaking failures ( Power, 200940 ) . The information of Aluxtel could be largely cleansed by reflex(a) methods but required manual cleaning any blot good. The challenge with manual cleaning is the clip it consumes and the human resource required from an already overladen Aluxtel provide. From the interactions with the faculty leaders, it was concluded that cent per centum clean information is a rareness. Therefore I believe that automatic cleaning would do as an immediate demand. The information from silo systems could be integrated into a separate individual database and it can undergo the manual cleaning. This method has its pros and cons. Since the undertaking will be implemented in a phased mode, the above scheme would intend keeping bequest and new database till the undertaking goes unrecorded in all the offices. However it besides provides a autumn back mechanism to the bequest database in instance of any issue. The new system can take a few months to settle, where the staff and the clients become acquainted(predicate) with the system. The Information and Technology ( IT ) staff on which the burden is lesser than sales/marketing staff can transport out the manual cleaning. Refer appendix for informations migration diagram The client today takes certain service for granted, chief being an online service. It enormously adds to the convenience factor of the client. Bearing this in head, a web hepatic portal vein is a necessity. Peppers and Rogers depict how web sites help in retaining clients by offering go in traditionally impossible ways 2000 . The presence of a amalgamate database would intend that investing required for this would be minimum. Besides, presenting an IVR system with an machine-controlled confirmation service would greatly cut down holler out clip and the incommodiousness caused to clients by perennial confirmation questions.The following facet of the scheme is to look at cost decrease and organisational restructuring. For a apparatus that involves client naming in for questions, it is instead unneeded to hold four different offices for call centres. Integrating them would greatly cut down disposal and care costs. I would lodge to the recommendation do to unify Milton Keynes office with Birmingham office. There have been instances of companies Virgin, Bata etc switching central offices without impacting their concern. The cost decrease it would convey greatly justifies this move.An facet I would wish to convey about if I do this undertaking once more is affecting clients in make up ones minding other alterations to be brought about since CRM is a client centrical undertaking. Random calls could be made to the clients asking about t he alterations they would wish to see in the procedure. Optimizing client relationships requires a complete apprehension of all clients profitable every bit good as non-profitable, and so to form concern procedures to handle clients separately based on their demands and their values ( Renner, 2000 ) . This reinforces the advantages to be gained by utilizing the client profiling. whizz point that was missed out, as pointed out by Mr. Gary was the hazard analysis. Possible hazards such as undertaking failure, unequal return on investing, unplanned undertaking budget alterations, unhappy clients, loss of employee assurance, and recreation of redbird direction clip and resources must be good thought out ( Schweigert, 2000 ) . Identifying the hazards involved and accordingly social occasion the ways to extenuate these hazards would be a great confidence to the client and will besides guaranty better opportunities of forestalling a undertaking failure.Measure 3 Appraisal and ControlAr gyris and Schon describe the spread between wrapped and realisation as the major challenge in strategic direction theory ( 1996 ) . It is of import that the undertaking is invariably reviewed and assessed to do certain its on the right class and it adheres to the program set out. The steps taken by ICG were really good in run intoing this demand. A steering commission and a follow up commission would guarantee that undertaking stuck to its program. The undertaking had a stage controlling every bit good for the intent.PeoplesExecution of endeavor engineering, such as CRM and ERP, requires alterations to organisational civilization ( Al-Mashari & A Zairi, 2000 ) . It is hence of import to fix the people involved for the alteration and do certain they are motivated to encompass the alteration. Most jobs in CRM execution are non proficient. Schwartz et Al, 2002 identifies organisational alteration as a major challenge for CRM executions. Analyzing the execution scheme, it is clear that the alteration is vast and there is a really valid demand to look into the people aspect.The first thing to make would be to affect the senior direction in the procedure of fixing the staff for the alteration. Cap similitude and IDC found that top direction and selling and gross revenues direction are by and large the instigators of a corporate CRM undertaking ( 1999 ) . Besides developing Sessionss will be conducted to do them recognize the benefits of the new system and to besides guarantee their credence. Their feedbacks at assorted phases can guarantee that the undertaking is on path and these stairss would besides guarantee their ownership in the undertaking.A major issue to be considered is the resettlement of people in Milton Keynes to Birmingham and besides from the different call centres to the integrated call Centre. There is likely to be opposition in this respect. This issue was non discussed decently in ICG s proposal. I believe that a little hiking in salary is j ustified to actuate people for the alteration. This would nt be a load on the company sing the effectual outgo cut. Besides a publicity would be a large psychological motive for the staff even if the salary rise associated with the publicity is minimum.Personal LearningThe faculty helped in understanding the constructs of consultancy and how to be professional in the create that you do. It familiarized me with the assorted phases involved in a undertaking and how to undertake each of them. It is or so of import to hold a holistic position sing all possible facets. Initially, the focal point had merely been on planing a CRM system. But as the class progressed, I learned to look at the chances for organisational restructuring and investigation for ways to transfuse process optimisation and cost decrease. The experience of working with clip restraints in a really competitory environment has made me confident to take on the universe of lend withing.As for the soft accomplishments, I was a portion of all the meetings with the client and besides handled the RFI presentation and the last presentation. It made me confident to talk in forepart of honored persons. The meetings helped me understand the elusive niceties of constructing a ring by conversation and gestures. I was besides introduced to the art of inquiring the right sort of inquiries to pull out inside informations from the client.The procedure of working in a group besides was a really fulfilling experience. The work was by and large divided among the members and each member came prepared with the subject. This was followed by treatments and encephalon storming about the assorted subjects. This ensured proper analysis of all the subjects and deep apprehension about the same. It besides made certain that everyone in the group was cognizant of all the facets of our proposal. This was highlighted by the fact that during the reappraisal session by the panel after our concluding presentation, all the member s answered to the questions.BibliographyAl-Mashari, M. and Zairi, M. ( 2000 ) , The effectual application of SAP R/3 a proposed theoretical fib of best pattern , Logistics Information Management, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 156-66.Argyris, C and Schon, D ( 1996 ) Organizational larning II Theory, order and Practise.Chen, J.I & A Popvich.K, 2003. Understanding client relationship direction ( CRM ) Peoples, procedure and technology in Business procedure Management Journal. Vol 9Daellenbach, S. & A Davenport, J. 2004. Establishing trust during the formation of engineering alliances in Journal of Technology Transfer, Vol 29 ( 2 )Finnigan D.J & A Willcocks, L.P, ( 2007 ) , Implementing CRM From engineering to KnowledgePeppard, J. ( 2000 ) , Customer relationship direction ( CRM ) in fiscal services , European Management diary, Vol. 18 No. 3, pp. 312-27.Peppers, D. and Rogers, four ( 2000 ) , Successful Web sites , DMReview.Com, 4 February.Power.D, 2009. Data smell and MDM A informa tion quality mentality additions MDM plan success in Information Management. Vol 19 ( 2 ) .Renner, D. ( 2000 ) , Customer relationship direction a new arm in your competitory armory , Siebel Magazine, Vol. 1 No. 2.Rigby, D.K. and Ledingham, D ( 2004 ) CRM done right. Harvard Business Review, 82 ( 11 ) , 118-129Shwartz, M. , Schliebs, O. and Wyssusek, B. ( 2002 ) Concentrating the Customer A Critical progression towards Design and Use of Data Warehousing in Corporate CRM. DMDW Workshop at CAISE, Toronto.Schweigert, D. ( 2000 ) , Balancing marvellous V realistic procedures , in Proceedings of DCI Customer Relationship Management Conference, Boston, MA, 27-29 June

Madam Cj Walker Essay

Madame C.J. pushchair was Americas first self-made female millionaire. She amassed her fortune through hard work, innovative ideas, and a fierce fealty to her craft and her people. Contrary to most historical accounts, Madame C.J. baby buggy did not invent the pressing comb. Per her own words, Madame Walker started the hair-growing business, borne out her desire to remedy her own hair loss. In 1910 Madame C.J. Walker moved her ever expanding particular(a) Correspondence Course business, founded on her System of Beauty Culture, to Indianapolis. There she purchased and paid for her home adjoining which was a factory and laboratory. On family 2, 1911 she petitioned the Indiana Secretary of State to become incorporated and on September 19th, 1911, said petition was granted, marking the genesis of the Madame C.J.Walker Manufacturing Company of Indiana, Inc. wherein Madame Walker was the President and sole shareowner of all 1,000 shares of livestock. She was in addition an early civ il rights advocate on behalf of Black people, and an avid financial agonist of what today we call HBCUs or Historically Black Colleges and Universities. By the time of her passing in 1919, Madame C.J. Walker had built one of the largest black owned manufacturing companies in the world, an international ne cardinalrk of over 15,000 Madame Walker agents, beauty schools in three states, and a 32 room mansion at Irvington-on-the-Hudson, New York. Madames only child, ALelia Walker became President of the Madame C.J.Walker Manufacturing Company of Indiana upon her mothers passing. Per Madames will, two-thirds of the stock of the Company was placed in a Trust, over which were five Trustees. The other one-third of the stock of the company was bequeathed to her only child. When ALelia died, the one-third share of stock she owned was split between two people, each receiving onesixth share.The majority two-thirds remained in the Trust. Over six decades later, in 1985, the Trustees petitioned the Marion County Probate court to allow them to stag the stock and assets of Madame Walkers company, including inventory and historical documents, to a man named Raymond Randolph. The owners of the remaining shares of stock also agreed to sell their shares to Raymond Randolph. Thus, on December 20th, 1985, Raymond L. Randolph became the first person since Madame C.J. Walker herself to own all one thousand shares of stock in the Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company of Indiana, aka the Madame C.J. Walker Manufacturing Company.

Phonological Development in Children Essay

Phonology is study of the sound system of the language and the rules for their combination. There are closely 200 sounds occasiond in languages throughout the world. As we all know, sound is the beginning of language jibeing. In learning to talk, children must acquire knowledge of the phonological forms of names and phrases of their inwrought language and must learn the articulatory and phonatory movements needed to prove these words and phrases in an adult-like manner.Children learn their phonological system of native language even since as teenage baby. They world-class year of an infants life which is before they preserve utter their first word are known as prelinguistic stage. Children do non utter their first word until they are about one year old. At one month, they sharpen categorical wisdom of quarrel. A perceptual capacity is ability to segment one sentence into individual word units. This ability usually leads to production and thereof helps in the developm ent of speech production.Even though children do not get their first word until they approximately 12 month old age old, the ability to produce speech sound bound to develop at a much younger age. After the mother swelled birth, the young infant will produce undifferentiated birth bid. Within 0 to 6 weeks, the infant piece of tail produce reflexive sound which are glottal catch and vowels such as ah, eh, and uh. positive(p) the infant withal can produce some variety non-crying sound. They also produce differentiated cry which that true literal communication begins. In the range 6 to 16 weeks, infant start to produce cooing sound when they are happy. Moreover, they begin to produce single syllables and blowing bubbles.At 4 month, infant still pick out infant-directed compare to adult-director speech. Plus by 4 month, infant prepare learned which feature they have to repair management to at the suprasegmental level such as inflection and stress. At 5 months old, infant prefer to hear their own name to similar sounding word. On the other hand, by 6 month old, they expose more to their native language and start to learn not to pay vigilance to sound that are not meanful in their native language.The production of vowel sound in the first 2 month lead to the production of consonants. First back consonants (g, k) are being produce around 2 to 3 months and front consonants (m, n, p) is being able to produce by infant at about 6 months old. In the range 3 to 6 month, verbalise begins influence by their native language. In addition, they babbling show pitch and inflection change. They start to produce double syllables-VCV such as aga. Children are also able to puts lips together and say m and nasal tone is heard. Not exclusively that, they also begin to vowelise their pleasure and displeasure. Infants in this range will stop vocalizing when adults enters and have self-initiated vocal play. They are also cooing, chuckling, gurgling and laughing.At 7 months, they able to segment word from speech that shows a strong-weak stress pattern, which is the most common stress pattern in the English language. The process that allows infant to use prosodic cues in speech input to learn about language structure is known as prosodic bootstrapping . While children at 8 months old generally do not understand the meaning of the most single word yet, they still able to understand the meaning of certain phrases they hear a lot. By 9 months old, infant can differentiate native from nonnative language. Children uses m, n,t,d,b,p and y in babbling duple syllables by 6 to 9 months old. They babbling tunefully or singing tones and uses several of sound combination. They also begin to have inflected vocal play and intonation patterns heard. Infant also copy intonation and speech sound from the adult in their own repertoire. Reduplicative babbling begins for example bababa.From 9 to 12 months, children vocalize during play and also begin to vocalize i n front of mirror. They are able to jabber clamorously with wide variety of sounds and intonations. Infant combine different vowel and consonant into syllable string in vocal play and at this stage phonetic drift begins. Infant also acquire variegated babbling and combines different syllables in vocal play. At this stage, children normally have not yet begun to speak and thus have no production vocabulary but in the range 10 to 11 months old, childrens comprehension vocabulary size is about 11 to 154 words . During this transitional period from babbling to the comment of the first word, children also produce protowords. Protowords is invented words that are used consistently to express specific meanings.In the range 1 year old to 1 years old, infants usually use jargon to communicate. We can also hear some repetition of words or echolalia. They are uses most vowels and consonants and some initial consonant. Basically, their utterances unintelligible with exception of a few words. Intelligibility refers to the proportion of the speakers output that listeners can intimately understand. They commonly leave out final consonant and some initial consonant. By the range of this age, they start to produce word in VC structure such as bo/boat and able to imitates some word accurately. By 14 months old, children usually produce their first word. First word is simple structure and contains the analogous sounds that were use in late babbling. At 16 months children comprehension vocabulary size ranges from about 92 to 321 words. At this age, childrens production vocabulary size at this age is typically around 50 words. Childrens production becomes more consistent around the age of 18 months.Within 1 to 2 years old, childrens words increasing in frequency and jargon almost gone by 2 years old. Commonly, they will ask questions by raising intonation at end of phrase. Plus, children show improvement in intelligibility. Approximately 65% intelligible by 2 years. In additi on, word produced with CVC structure such as big appear at this range of age.Intelligibility improve when they at 2 to 2 years old from 65% to 70%. Plus, they may skip over final consonant, reduce consonant blend and substitute one consonant for another. The size of the vocabulary production is about 50 to 550 words. Children also seem to build up their vocabulary faster if the speech they hear is related to their focus of attention more often.At 2 to 3 years old, children still do some substitution and variety of consonants. They continue to improve their intelligibility to approximately 80%. By this age they can mastered consonants p, m, n, w, h.Children at 3 to 3 years use final consonants most of time. At this age, Final-Consonant Deletion process, consonant assimilation, diminutization, doubling, prevocalic voicing, reduplication unaccented syllable deletion and velar fronting should be gone. Children become very intelligible in connected speech by age 3 years to 4 years old. They had mastered consonantsb, d, j, g, f, y. Plus, phonological process continues which are clod reduction, deplatalization, epenthesis, final devoicing, gliding, stopping and vocalization. In 4 to 4 years, should be few error and substitutions of consonant in children utterances. They become more intelligible especially in connected speech. At the range 4 years to 5 years old, children use most consonant sounds consistently and accurately. Even though, more errors present in difficult blends. At 5 to 6 years old, children mastered consonants such as t, ing, r, l. Follow by 6 to 7 years old, they begin to mastered consonant such as voiceless th, sh, ch, j.Hence, young children have remarkable ability to learn meanings for the words they extract from the speech they are exposed to. accomplishment of the language is strongly relate with environment. The phonological development should be know by parents to detect both phonological disorder on their child.

Police stress Essay

Introduction prove is a psychological factor and a common feature of al about every kind of escape. but it is important to note that it was only in the mid-70s that industrial psychologists focused their attention on the importance of evince in the snuff it train. To serve and protect, is the law enforcers motto as he works to accomplish the goals of his note which is to begin with to provide protection to the citizens of his state. There accompanies with the work the kind of multitude whose shady and dark characters pursue the uncreated purposes in life which ar to commit a crime and study ways to evade the prospicient arm of the law.In policing work, melodic line is not underestimated but rather an important and critical aspect of the line of descent (it goes with the territory, so to speak) line comes in variant forms. It is a given then, that constabulary work is pictured as a form of service where the challenges are not the same as the regular kind of traffic mor e so when the person is in active post or duty and expected to welcome the most difficult types of experiences but usually on a regular basis. It is this scenario that this paper explores and presents to the reader the nuances of the handicraft, the straininges a police officer regularly encounters, possible consequences on his personal and home life, as well as probable interventions.Signifi messce of the studyTwo reasons are suggested why there was a growing acknowledgement of the importance of latent hostility on the job. First, there is the general awareness that essay-related diseases father reached epidemic proportions. More pile die or are disabled today as a result of filtrate than at any other(a) time. Because stress is so physically damaging and pervasive in peoples lives and because it is primarily psychological in nature the discipline of psychology as a whole and oddly the specialty area of health psychology is interested in studying and treating stress and other neurotic disorders (Chang et al. 2006).The second reason for the growing awareness of the importance of stress at work is practical. The effects of stress on the job are costly and are reflected in a lower productive efficiency. song has been known to number drastically employee motivation and the physical ability to perform the task well thus, change magnitude absenteeism, turnover, and tardiness (Cahill 2003 Chang et al. 2006 Williams 2003).Statement of the ProblemWhat is stress at work and how is this demonstrated in a particular wholeness-on- ace worker like the police officer? What has personality trait or individual differences do with the study of stress as well as how do people cope with stress when the witness is the place of work? This paper attempts to define, describe and explain the nature of stress, factors that contribute to the development of stress in an individual, and in particular what job stress or stress in the workplace can do to an individual. w ord of honor The Nature of extendInside the body, dramatic physiological changes take place under stress. Adrenalin, released from the adrenal glands, speeds up all bodily federal agencys. Blood pressure rises, heart rate increases, and extra sugar is released to the ripstream. The increased circulation of the blood brings additional energy to the brain and muscles, making us more alert and surder sp that we can cope with the jerky emergency (Landy 1985).A stressful situation mobilizes and directs ones energy beyond its normal level. except if a person remains in that state of supercharged energy for in like manner long, the bodys reservoir of energy will dissipate. Rest is needed to replenish the energy supply (Williams 2003).Prolonged stress conducts to psychosomatic disorders. Remember that psychosomatic diseases are not imaginary. They are real and involve specific wander and organ damage even though their cause is psychological. In prolonged stress, the body may subsc ribe physiological damage and the person may become ill (Landy 1985).A. Individual Differences in Vulnerability to StressOne factor that affects picture to stress on the job is fond support, ones lucre of social and family ties. The person who is alone physically and psychologically is more vulnerable to stress than someone who has strong social relationships. Social support on the job is to a fault important to reduce stress and to have better health (Cahill 2003 Chang et al., 2006 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Ones physical condition also relates to ones vulnerability to stress effects. Persons in better physical condition suffer fewer effects of stress than those in poor physical condition (Cahill 2003 Landy 1985 Williams 2003). Level of ability to perform a job can straighten out people more or less resistant to the stresses of that job. Employees with a soaring level of the skills needed for the job finds the work easier and less stressful than employees with a lower ability ( Landy 1985 Williams 2003). Personality seems to be related to ones ability to tolerate stress. This is particularly apparent with those of apparent with those of Type A and Type B personalities and their susceptibility to heart disease, one of the major effects of stress (Landy 1985).The Type A personality is exceedingly prone to heart disease by middle age, independent of physical factors or their type of work. The 2 primary characteristics of a Type A personality are a very utmost belligerent drive and a constant sense of urgency about time. Type A personalities are inappropriate people although they successfully hide it from others. That is why Type A personalities are always in a state if tension and stress (Landy 1985 Williams, 2003).Persons with the Type B personality never have heart attacks to begin with the age of 70, regardless of their jobs or their eating and smoking habits. Type B people may be just as ambitious as Type A people, but they have none of their charac teristics. They function under far less stress in all aspects of life including work (Landy 1985).B. Stress at workThere are occupations that are considered very stressful. The following twelve are those that engender highest levels of stress law enforcer, laboratoryourer, secretary, inspector, clinical lab technician, office manager, first-line supervisor, manager or administrator, waiter or waitress, machine operator, mature worker, miner, painter. This is taken from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and wellness (NIOSH). Other occupations considered to be in high stress are the fire fighters, computer programmer, dental assistant, electrician, fire fighter, social worker, telephone operator, and hairdresser (Landy 1985). contemplate is also found that among working women, the most stressful jobs are in the health care industry. For example, nurses, medical, dental, and lab technicians and social workers (Cahill 2001).Psychologists renamed the concept of overwork in to the term choke off and have identified two types1. Quantitative overload2. Qualitative overloadQuantitative overload is the condition of having too much work to do in the time available. Qualitative overload involves not so much work to do but work that is too difficult (Landy 1985 Williams 2003). Another stress factor in the workplace is change. Many changes expire in the workplace. The introduction of a new work procedure may require employees to learn and adapt to different production methods (Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Performance appraisal is a source of stress for a great umpteen people. few people like the idea of universe evaluated whether at school or work. An employees role in the organization can be a source of stress. Role ambiguity prinks when the employees work role is poorly(predicate) structured and ill-defined. Role conflict arises when there is a disparity among the demands of a job and the employees, personal measuring stick and values (Landy 1985 William s 2003).Problems of career development may lead to stress at work. Stress can arise when an employee fails to receive an anticipated promotion (Landy 1985 Williams 2003). Being responsible for other people is a major source of difficulty for some supervisors and managers (Landy 985). Contact with a stress carrier is also a cause of stress. A person free of stress can be infected by someone who is highly upset (Landy 1985). Assembly-line work has been associated with stress because it is characterized by repetition and monotony (Landy 1985).Overall, then, each person must confront and get over with a large and recurring number of stress-producing events everyday both at home and at work. Although most people experience at least some of the harmful effects of stress at one time or another, most people, fortunately, do manage to cope (Landy 1985 Williams 2003). One effect of stress on the job resulting from overwork is called burnout. The employee becomes less energetic and less inte rested in the job. He or she becomes emotionally exhausted, apathetic, depressed, irritable, and bored finds fault with everything about the work (Cahill 2003 Chang et al, 2006 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Figure 1.0National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Model of Job Stress(Source NIOSH, http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.html)Burnout develops in three distinct stages1. stirred exhaustion, with a feeling of being drained and empty (Cahill 2003 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).2. Cynicism and the lack of sensitivity toward others (Cahill 2003 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).3. Futility, the feeling that all the effort put forth previously was wasted and worthless (Cahill 2003 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Employees with burnout become rigid about their work, following rules and procedures blindly and compulsively because they are too exhausted to be flexible or consider alternative solutions to a problem (Landy 1985 Williams 2003). There is a price to pay for such overwork over a long per iod of time. Stress accumulates and leads to the psychological and physiological ailments described earlier. These people work so hard that they burn away their energy express than the body can replace it. Such persons have been described as workaholics, or employees addicted to work (Cahill 2003 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Nature and Dangers of legal philosophy take formStudies done by Malloy and Mays (p 177 1984) point to the importance of recording the kind of job that policing involves. The authors not only examined the stress levels within the workplace but a comparative study was make as well with the amount of stress experienced by law enforcement officers and other workers in other organizations or institutions particularly in government entities. The findings show that few jobs can equal the kind of stress that police work entails fire fighters may come close though the frequency of negative or distressful events or occurrences become a regular fare for law enforcers contr ibuting to the overall risk and threat to their personal well-being.Reports of suicide or attempted suicide have reportedly been high in spite of increasing awareness to the stresses of the job ( chocolate-brown 2008). Symptoms may be there already but the few people close to the person refuse to recognize or identify the signs. These include irritability, lowered sex drive, digestive upsets, fatigue, muscle aches like backaches, insomnia or restlessness, overeating or drinking too much, muscle tics or rashes, a pounding heart, headaches and light-headedness may be evident on the individual. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or mental health issues can be some of the effects when prolonged stress is experienced and may even affect the tolerant systems ability to protect the persons body from everyday illnesses.Because an officer regularly deals with stress and anguish experienced by people they meet on the job, emotions can easily be bottled up, or set aside and compromise ones h ealth or in many instances, affect the officers ability to deal with the issues and problems in his own personal and family life. Studies self-management skills program for the police officers show that there is a great difference when police officers go through programs that champion them understand the emotional upheavals that go with the job. There was the reduction of signs and symptoms of imminent distress or physical and psychological manifestations of stress (McCraty et al 1999). Other techniques specifically used in other studies make use of films as tools to help debrief these individuals (Mann 1973 p 63).C. Interventions and organizational techniquesThe techniques for dealing with stress on the job involved both the prevention of stress and its reduction and elimination. Techniques that individual employees can practice on and off the job include eternal sleep training, biofeedback, and behavior modification. Some methods provided by organization include altering the o rganizational climate, providing employee assistance programs and treating victims of stress-related illnesses (Cahill, 2003 Landy, 1985 Williams, 2003).Industrial/organizational psychologists have proposed several organizational techniques for managing stress at work especially with police work1. Emotional Climate Control. Because of the stressors of modern organizational life is change, the organization must provide sufficient support to modify employees to adapt to change. This can be accomplished by providing a climate of esteem and regard for employees and by allowing them to participate in all decisions involving change in their work and in the structure of the organization (Chang et al. 2006 Landy 1985 Williams 2003).2. provision of social support. Social support can reduce ones vulnerability to stress. Organizations can invoke social support by facilitating the cohesiveness of work groups and by training the supervisors to be supportive of their subordinates (Landy 1985 W illiams 2003).3. Redefinition of employee roles. To reduce the stress caused by role ambiguity, managers must clearly state to their subordinates what is expected of them and what the precise scope and responsibilities of their jobs are (Landy 1985 Williams 2003).4. Elimination of work overload and work underload. Proper selection and training, equitable promotion decisions and fair scattering of work can do much to eliminate these causes of stress.5. Provision of assistance to stressed employees. More and more organizations today are recognizing the harmful effects that stress can have on employee health and productivity. As a result, they are providing in-house counseling programs that teach individual stress-control techniques and supplying facilities for physical exercise (Landy 1985 Williams 2003).Some stress is necessary for normal functioning. The nervous system apparently needs a certain amount of input signal to function properly. But stress that is too intense or prolong ed can have deleterious physiological and psychological effects. The actions of autonomic nervous system that prepare the organism for emergency can, if prolonged lead to such physical disorders as ulcers, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Severe stress can also impair the organisms immune responses, decreasing its ability to fight off invading bacteria and viruses. It is estimated that more than half(a) of all medical problems are believed to be related to emotional stress. Psychosomatic disorders such as allergies, migraine, headaches, high blood pressure, heart disease, ulcers and even acne are among the illnesses that are related to emotional stress (Hilgard, et al., 1983).ConclusionFrustrations occur when progress toward a goal is blocked or delayed and when two motives conflict, satisfaction of one leads to the engine block of the other. For as long as a human individual is alive and functioning in whatever milieu he is in, these forces are at work, often straining a nd draining him. Coping and defense strategies ofttimes become indispensable but later become debilitating for most if no longer controlled and regulated. The bad weather of stress depends on the situations predictability, the potential for control, the individuals cognitive evaluation, his feelings of competency, and the presence of social supports (Halonen and Santrock, 1996).Works CitedAtkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E. Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema, Introduction to Psychology, 13th ed. (1993). New York Harcourt College Publishers.Brown, Hal. Introduction to Police Stress. Accessed February 27, 2008 Cahill, C. A. 2001. Women and stress. In Annual Review of care for Research, 19, 229-249.Chang, E. M., Daly, J., Hancock, K.M., Bidewell, J. W., Johnson, A., Lambert, V. A., & Lambert, C. E. 2006. The Relationships Among Workplace Stressors, Coping Methods, Demographic Characteristics, and Health in Australian Nurses. Journal of Professional Nursing, 22(1), 30-38.Landy, F. J. 1985. Psychology of Work Behavior. 3rd Ed. Dorsey Press.Malloy, Thomas E., G. Larry Mays. The Police Stress Hypothesis A critical evaluation. Criminal Justice and Behavior. 11 (1984) 197-224.Sauter, Steven, et al., Stress at Work NIOSH publication. Retrieved December 20, 2007 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/stresswk.htmlWilliams, C. 2003. Stress at Work. Canadian Social Trends, Autumn, 7-13.Halonen, J.S. and J.W. Santrock. 1996. Psychology Contexts of behavior, Dubuque, IA Brown and Benchmark, p.810.Hilgard, ER, RR Atkinson, and RC Atkinson, 1983. Introduction to Psychology. 7th ed., New York Harcourt Brace Jovanich, Inc.Mann, Philip A. Stress Training. In Psychological Consultation with a Police Department A Demonstration of Cooperative Training in Mental Health, by Philip Mann, 62-64. Springfield Illinois Charles C, Tomas, (1973).McCraty, Rollin, Dana Tomasino, microphone Atkinson, Joseph Sundram. Impact of the HeartMath Self-Management Skills Program onPhysiological and Psychological Stress in Police Officers. Institute of HeartMath, offspring No. 99-075. Boulder Creek, CA. (1999).Morris, Charles G. & Albert Maisto, 1999. Understanding Psychology. 4th ed. Prentice Hall, Inc. P. 73.

Africa’s growing concern Essay

Whoever ignites the flames of hate has succeeded considerably. horror has become a way of life for many people roughly the creative activity. People envy some other people and create hatred to those of better lives. But no human being is prepared for what the African continent actu each(prenominal)y reveals. The persecution of unwanted individuals is prevalent in this part of the earth. Poverty hounds Africa no end. The life there is very hard and disturbing. The target is filled with chaos and turmoil. No stability is in sight. The entire world is currently alarmed over the high incidence of death within its nation.Countries over the years contract pledged support to the stagnant economy of the African nation. All means of contribution have been disposed to the poor continent. But in spite of the continued aid, there seems to be no hope of emerging within the nation. Africa has shoved itself into a hole so deep that the possibility of becoming buried is never a remote idea in the future. Men, women and children agonize over their situations. Food and resources are hard to come by. Thousands take place of starvation annually. But more than that, countless people become victims of unnecessary violence.World leaders and governments around the world have, time and again, met and discuss the events in Africa numerous times. Like a disease, the genial demise of its population has been a primary concern for many nationalities worldwide. People are dying every minute. The media has played a vital role in revealing the abuses and brutalities of people. All eyes are focused on this place where individuals have dis examineed the value of human life. The carnage continues, and pull up stakes continue unless a swift and potent solution will be unveiled.There is a sense of urgency for the worlds prima(p) governments to address the destruction of human dignity in Africa. However, in spite of the launching of countless humane missions to solve the nations woe s, death and suffering lingers on. Billions have been spent on relief trading operations but the social problem remains undefeated. The casualty toll piles up. The killing spree goes unsuppressed. And the lodge of the world watches dumbfounded. It only shows that governments and its people are not doing enough to find answers to the African problem.Although food and the wishing of basic needs is the primary concern among the African people, it is violence that must be silenced. Several decades of gunman running and smuggling within the continent have only brought death to many citizens. As desire as the armaments keep on coming, peace will remain to be an elusive and distant dream. The social instability in the African nation is about power. Individuals and their clans grapple for control. Gaining that momentum to hold every conk out in the tumultuous society means having the arms and weapons to subject everyone to their every word.The world is stretching its incline into eve ry corner of the continent. But sadly, the troubled nation drives off the chance and rare opportunity to retrace its communities. It is ironic that a very poor place can summon the strength to annihilate all intervening parties out of their motherland. Events are bleak. The panic button has been set. But with all the dangers and the deaths, Africans have little regard for the needs of their nation. Women and children go elsewhere to find peace. War escalates and the streets are stained with blood.If the world is keen on finding the answers to the growing social menace in Africa, analysts should dig deeper to gain a full and intact understanding of the situation among its people. The United Nations must be aware to the motives and intentions of the African people. All along, the entire globe has only addressed the needs of the poor continent. The real reason for the chaos remains undetermined, and therefore, unsolved. Turmoil will continue to rob the African nation of its dream of peace and stability. With a disorganized crowd and a selfish government, senseless killings and looting will be around for a long time.